Redness correcting skin care formulations

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, soothing redness correction formulations are provided. In other embodiments, formulations to treat skin discoloration via a multi-modal approach are provided in some embodiments in which select ingredients work together to effectively brighten skin and treat hyperpigmentation. In yet other embodiments, certain formulations are renewal formulations adapted to treat the eye area to, for example, reduce laxity, puffiness, wrinkles and/or dark circles around the eye.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/965,205, filed Apr. 27, 2018, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/538,390, filed on Jul. 28, 2017and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/965,205 is acontinuation-in-part of Ser. No. 14/735,778 filed on Jun. 10, 2015 (nowU.S. Pat. No. 9,956,163), which claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication No. 62/011,472, filed on Jun. 12, 2014; the entirety of eachof which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The field of the invention relates generally to skin care. According toseveral embodiments, topical formulations that show visible beneficialdermatological results are provided.

Skin care formulations, such as those for the eye and face, include forexample, serums, lotions, and creams, are used for various purposes.Formulations can act as a moisturizer, provide coverage, or containvitamins. For protection, some formulations contain a sun protectionfactor (SPF).

SUMMARY

Despite the large number of cosmetic formulations for treating the eyethat are on the market, there remains a need for an enhanced topicalformulation that simultaneously reduces and corrects the appearance ofdark circles, puffiness, fine lines, and wrinkles, provides hydration,and addresses the delicate needs of the eye area (which can be much moresensitive than other skin on the face). In one embodiment, theformulation provides significant UV protection (such as physical UVA andUVB sun protection).

In several embodiments, a 3-in-1 renewal formulation is provided thatadvantageously delivers both immediate and long-term results. Forexample, a topical formulation according to several embodiments (i)immediately brightens the eye area and corrects imperfections to reducedark circles and puffiness for a refreshed and rested appearance, (ii)provides a chemical-free, 100% mineral sunscreen to defend againstUVA/UVB rays and environmental stressors that contribute to skin aging,and (iii) restores skin health with hydration that provides support forsagging skin to enhance the eye area.

One benefit of the formulations described herein is the ability for auser to apply a formulation to achieve correction, hydration andprotection in a single product rather than using multiple products. Useof a single product around the eye area is advantageous in severalembodiments because application of multiple products around the eye canincrease the risk of irritating the delicate eye area (based on, forexample, adverse interactions of the various products, the mere act ofphysically touching the eye area multiple times, layering of multipleproducts resulting in lack of breathability or poor absorption, etc.).

Because of the delicate eye area, there is a particular need in oneembodiment for an enhanced formulation that is both efficacious andsuitable for delicate skin, and additionally incorporates abroad-spectrum sunscreen, without being irritating or chalky. In severalembodiments, the formulations described herein comprise a sun protectionfactor of SPF 35 or higher. In one embodiment, mineral (chemical-free)sunscreen ingredients are provided as a defense against photoaging. Inseveral embodiments, zinc oxide is used as a sunscreen. In someembodiments, titanium dioxide is used. In other embodiments, acombination of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide is used. In oneembodiment, a clear formulation is provided in which titanium dioxide,zinc oxide and colorants are not included.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof a unique topical formulation that comprises at least 3, 4, 5, 6 orall of the following (with ranges provided as % m/m, % m/v, % w/w, % w/vor % v/v of the formulation):

-   -   (i) A combination of sea water and marine microalgae (such as        seaweed, brown seaweed extract, algin) that protects skin from        impurities while addressing skin laxity and under-eye bags by        helping support the health of collagen and increasing skin        firmness. In some embodiments, these ingredients are provided in        a range of about 0.01-5%, and ranges in between (e.g., 0.05-3%).    -   (ii) At least two polysaccharides that maintain the health of        capillaries to minimize puffiness around the eyes and reduce        pigmentation that causes dark circles. The polysaccharides        include, but are not limited to, an Ascophyllum polysaccharide        (such as Ascophyllum nodosum), an Asparagopsis polysaccharide        (such as Asparagopsis armata), and polysaccharides isolated from        other seaweed and algae. In some embodiments, these ingredients        are provided in a range of about 0.01-5%, and ranges in between        (e.g., 0.05-3%).    -   (iii) Plant-based water-retention agent and betaine for        hydration, overall suppleness of skin and maintaining water        balance over time. The plant-based water-retention agent can        serve as an alternative to hyaluronic acid and includes, but is        not limited to, Tremella (such as Tremella fuciformis        sporocarp). Other extractions from mushrooms and fungus may also        be used as a source of water-retaining agents and/or        polysaccharides. In some embodiments, these ingredients are        provided in a range of about 0.01-5%, and ranges in between        (e.g., 0.05-3%).    -   (iv) At least two plant extracts working synergistically to        reduce the volume and depth of fine lines, wrinkles, and/or        crow's feet, minimize the fold of the upper eyelid for a        smoother appearance, and/or correct discoloration to fade dark        circles. These ingredients include, but are not limited to,        Albizia (such as Albizia julibrissin) and darutoside. In some        embodiments, the darutoside is extracted from the Siegesbeckia        orientalis plant. In some embodiments, a Centella extract is        included, such as an asiaticoside extracted from Centella        asiatica. In some embodiments, these ingredients are provided in        a range of about 0.01-5%, and ranges in between (e.g., 0.05-3%).    -   (v) Peptides, vitamins and other ingredients to address such        concerns as under-eye bags, dark circles, fine lines, wrinkles,        and puffiness. These ingredients include, but are not limited        to, palmitoyl tripeptide-5, panthenol, Dunaliella (such as        Dunaliella salina), and sodium hyaluronate. In some embodiments,        these ingredients are provided in a range of about 0.01-8%, and        ranges in between (e.g., 0.05-4%).    -   (vi) Optionally, in some embodiments, one or more of the        following is provided: solvents, binders, viscosity balancing        agents, pH adjustors, colorants, surfactants, and skin        conditioning agents. In some embodiments, these ingredients are        provided in a range of about 20-80%. Optionally, preservatives        and fragrances may be included in non-irritating amounts (e.g.,        less than 1, 2 or 5%, such as 0.01-4%, and ranges in between).    -   (vii) Optionally, in some embodiments, agents to provide an SPF        of at least 15 (e.g., 15, 25, 35, 50, or higher). These        ingredients include, but are not limited to zinc oxide and        titanium dioxide. In some embodiments, these ingredients are        provided in a range of about 2-20%, and ranges in between (e.g.,        4-12%). These SPF agents are excluded in a formulation that may        be clear and does not contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide.

In one embodiment, at least 80% or 90% of the ingredients in (i)-(vii)are provided % m/m or % w/w. In several embodiments, effective (e.g.,therapeutic) amounts of ingredients are included in the formulation. Aneffective (e.g., therapeutic) amount, in one embodiment, may be thatwhich reduces the appearances of fine lines, puffiness, dark circles,and/or laxity after at least four weeks of twice daily use.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises a topical formulation withan SPF of at least 15 (e.g., 15, 25, 35, 50, or higher) that comprisesat least four (and in one embodiment all) of the following: titaniumdioxide, zinc oxide, Albizia, darutoside, Dunaliella, algin,Ascophyllum, Asparagopsism, betaine, and Tremella (including for exampleextracts, components or portions thereof), as well as other ingredients.In some embodiments, the darutoside is extracted from the Siegesbeckiaorientalis plant. In some embodiments, a Centella extract is included,such as an asiaticoside extracted from Centella asiatica.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises a topical formulationwithout titanium dioxide or zinc oxide as SPF factors, wherein theformulation comprises at least four (and in one embodiment all) of thefollowing: Albizia, darutoside, Dunaliella, algin, Ascophyllum,Asparagopsism, betaine, and Tremella (including for example extracts,components or portions thereof), as well as other ingredients. In someembodiments, the darutoside is extracted from the Siegesbeckiaorientalis plant. In some embodiments, a Centella extract is included,such as an asiaticoside extracted from Centella asiatica.

In several embodiments, a topical formulation is provided that compriseswater, sorbitol, Ascophyllum nodosum extract, Asparagopsis armataextract, palmitoyl tripeptide-5, panthenol, sodium hyaluronate,Dunaliella salina extract, hydrolyzed algin, sucrose, glycerin, Albiziajulibrissin bark extract, darutoside, Tremella fuciformis sporocarp(silver ear mushroom) extract, betaine, xanthan gum, polysorbate 20,phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol, andcaprylhydroxamic acid.

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises at least four (and in oneembodiment all) of the following: titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, Albiziajulibrissin, Dunaliella salina, hydrolyzed algin, betaine, Ascophyllumnodosum, Asparagopsis armata, Centella asiatica, Siegesbeckia orientalisand Tremella fuciformis sporocarp (including for example extracts,components or portions thereof), as well as other ingredients. Suchother ingredients include, but are not limited to, one or more of:water, siloxanes, triglycerides, dimethicone, glycerin, panthenol,jojoba esters, sodium hyaluronate, palmitoyltripeptide-5, pantolactone,and tocopherol. In one embodiment, neither titanium dioxide nor zincoxide is included.

In some embodiments, several of the ingredients work synergistically.The synergism achieves a beneficial result that is more efficacious thanthe additive effects of the ingredients, according to some embodiments.

Many embodiments achieve at least one of the following benefits (and insome embodiments, all of the benefits): (i) immediately brightens andcorrects dark circles (e.g., by providing a neutral peach tone), (ii)reduces puffiness (e.g., through use of a cooling applicator), (iii)smooths fine lines and wrinkles, (iii) protects against future sundamage, (iv) hydrates, and (v) primes skin for smooth application of eyemakeup.

In some embodiments, the treated skin is re-hydrated, in which hydrationis increased by 25-75% or more post treatment with the formulationsdescribed herein (within minutes or hours post treatment). In someembodiments, the appearance of wrinkles, dark circles, fine lines and/orlaxity is reduced by at least 25-95% post treatment with the formulationused consistently (e.g., 1, 2 or 3 times daily) after, for example, 7,14, 21, 28, 60 or 90 days.

In some embodiments, the formulations provided herein are concentratedand provided in a mask form to be left on the skin for at least 5, 15,30, or 60 minutes (or as an overnight repair mask). Gentle cleansers mayalso include many of the ingredients of the formulations describedherein and may additionally include witch hazel or other gentle toners(for toner-type cleansers) or foaming ingredients (for washes andfoaming cleansers). In several embodiments, more concentratedformulations are provided for use as a spot treatment or for treatmentof an area smaller than the area treated by a mask.

In some embodiments, visible reductions in the appearance of darkcircles and puffiness may be observed within minutes of use of aformulation as described herein, due to, for example, a color correctionpigment and/or the anti-inflammatory activity of the ingredients. Asoothing or cooling sensation may be experienced by the user uponapplication to the skin, which may also contribute to the reducedpuffiness.

In several embodiments, an SPF of least 30 (e.g., 35, 50) is used whileavoiding a chalky appearance and allowing eye makeup to be appliedsmoothly over the treated area. This is advantageous because certainsunscreens can discolor the skin and/or provide an unsuitable surfacefor application of other cosmetics.

In several embodiments, the formulation is provided as a topicalformulation, including but not limited to a mineral-based formulation.In several embodiments, the formulation is provided in the form of aliquid, cream, serum, or gel.

The areas of the eye to be treated include, for example, the entireorbital region, from under eye to brow, including eyelids. Although theformulations described herein are useful to treat the eye area, in someembodiments the formulations can also be used to treat other skinregions that would benefit from brightening, reduced puffiness,smoothing of fine lines and wrinkles, hydration and sun protection. Forexample, the nasolabial folds and marionette lines may be particularlywell suited to benefit from the formulations described herein. Scars maybe treated in some embodiments.

In several embodiments, the formulation is contained within anapplicator with a dispensing tip. The applicator may have a metallic tipin some embodiments. The applicator may be pen or cylindrical shaped inone embodiment and the tip may be a round or oval partially flattened orcurved shape to help application to the contours of the eye and otherareas. For eye applications, the tip may be narrow and contoured tonavigate the contours of the eye region. Larger applicators may be usedfor other regions on the face and body. In several embodiments, theformulation is used during or after a dermatological procedure(including but not limited to brow lifts, blepharoplasty, botulin andother neurotoxins, facials, fillers, dermabrasion, microdermabrasion,micro-needling, peels, exfoliations, suctioning, fluid delivery, acidtreatments, massage, extractions, energy-based and other treatments,such as lasers, thermal, radiofrequency, light (e.g., photofacials/IPL),etc.). In some embodiments, the applicator includes fluid deliveryconduits, pressure/air-based devices, and sonicators. In severalembodiments, formulations may be stored and/or delivered by use of abottle and/or dropper. In several embodiments, the dropper or otherdelivery device is graduated and/or indexed to deliver pre-set amountsof a formulation disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the applicatorincludes a paddle or contoured metallic tip to facilitate application.

In some embodiments, the formulation is contained within an applicatorhaving a tip with a thermal conductivity configured to provide a coolingeffect. In several embodiments, the invention comprises a use or methodof reducing laxity, puffiness, wrinkles and/or dark circles around theeye, comprising administration, or instructing administration of aformula described herein. A kit is provided in some embodiments, whereinthe kit is configured for reducing laxity, puffiness, wrinkles and/ordark circles around the eye and includes a formulation as describedherein, wherein the formulation is contained within an applicator havinga metallic cooling tip.

In some embodiments, formulations for treating hyperpigmentation and/orlightening skin regions, and methods of using same, are provided. Insome embodiments the formulation comprises a formulation for treatingskin discoloration, comprising or consisting essentially of a Bidenspilosa extract, an acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract, a Vitamin Ecompound, a Thermus thermophillus ferment extract, a zinc oxide; and atitanium dioxide. The formulation provides, in some embodiments, a sunprotection factor of SPF 15, 30, 50 or more and is in the form of aliquid (e.g., liquid lotion, liquid serum), cream or gel (e.g., ointmentgel). The formulation, in some embodiments, further comprises two ormore (e.g., all) of the following an Elaeis guineensis oil, a Gossypiumherbaceum seed oil, a Linum usitatissimum seed oil, a Citrus paradisiseed extract, and a Fusanus spicatus wood oil.

In many embodiments, effective amounts of the active ingredients areprovided. For example, in one embodiment, these amounts are as follows:Bidens pilosa extract is provided in a range of 0.005-5%, the acetylRheum rhaponticum root extract is provided in a range of 0.005-5%, theVitamin E compound is provided in a range of 0.05-5%, the Thermusthermophillus ferment extract is provided in a range of 0.05-10%, thezinc oxide is provided in a range of 5-15%; and the titanium dioxide ina range of 10-15%, wherein the ranges are provided as % m/m, % m/v, or %v/v of the formulation.

In some embodiments, topical formulations for treating skindiscoloration and methods of using same, are provided, comprising (i) afirst anti-melanin agent, wherein said first anti-melanin agentcomprises a Bidens pilosa extract, (ii) a second anti-melanin agent,wherein said second anti-melanin agent comprises a Rheum extract (e.g.,Rheum rhaponticum extract), (iii) an anti-inflammatory agent (e.g., aVitamin E compound), and (iv) a sun protection agent (e.g., zinc oxideand/or titanium dioxide) with an SPF of 15, 30, 50 or more. Anantioxidant (e.g., Thermus thermophillus ferment extract) is optionallyincluded. In one embodiment, effective amounts include, but are notlimited to, the following amounts: the first anti-melanin agent isprovided in a range of 0.05-5%, the second anti-melanin agent isprovided in a range of 0.005-5%, the anti-inflammatory agent is providedin a range of 0.05-5%, the zinc oxide is provided in a range of 5-15%and the titanium dioxide in a range of 10-15%, wherein the ranges areprovided as % m/m, % m/v, or % v/v of the formulation.

In several embodiments, topical formulations for treating skin rednessand/or irritation, and methods of using same, are provided. In someembodiments, the formulation comprises niacinamide, a Zingiberofficinale root extract, bisabolol, a Crithmum maritimum extract, aMagnolia officinalis bark extract, a Vitamin E compound; a zinc oxideand a titanium dioxide. The formulation, in one embodiment, provides asun protection factor of SPF 15, 30, 50 or more and is in the form of aliquid (e.g., liquid lotion, liquid serum), cream or gel (e.g., ointmentgel). Caprylic/capric triglycerides, siloxane and/or beta-glucan may beincluded in one embodiment. Effective amounts of the active ingredientsare provided in many embodiments, including but not limited to, Zingiberofficinale root extract in a range of 0.005-5%, bisabolol in a range of0.05-5%, Crithmum maritimum extract in a range of 0.02-5%, Magnoliaofficinalis bark extract in a range of 0.001-5%, Vitamin E compound in arange of 0.05-5%, niacinamide in a range of 0.05-5%, zinc oxide in arange of 5-15%; and titanium dioxide in a range of 10-15%, wherein theranges are provided as % m/m, % w/w, % w/v, % m/v, or % v/v of theformulation.

In some embodiments, topical formulations for treating skin rednessand/or irritation, and methods of using same, are provided thatcomprise: (i) a first skin conditioning agent, (ii) a second skinconditioning agent, (iii) a third skin conditioning agent, (iv) a fourthagent, (v) an anti-inflammatory agent, and optionally (vi) a sunprotection agent. In several embodiments, the first skin conditioningagent comprises Zingiber (e.g., a Zingiber officinale extract), thesecond skin conditioning agent comprises an asteraceae extract and/orbisabolol, the third skin conditioning agent comprises Crithmum (e.g., aCrithmum maritimum extract), the fourth agent comprises an antimicrobialand can optionally also serves as a skin conditioning agent, and theanti-inflammatory agent comprises a Vitamin E compound (e.g., disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates). In one embodiment, the sunprotection agent comprises zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide at an SPFof 15, 30 or 50 (or more). In one embodiment, one, two or all of thefollowing are also included: caprylic/capric triglycerides, niacinamide,a beta-glucan compound, siloxane (e.g., cyclopentasiloxane). Rootextracts are provided in some embodiments. In one embodiment, the firstskin conditioning agent is provided in a range of 0.005-5%, the secondskin conditioning agent is provided in a range of 0.05-5%, the thirdskin conditioning agent is provided in a range of 0.02-5%, the fourthagent is provided in a range of 0.001-5%, and the anti-inflammatoryagent is provided in a range of 0.05-5%. In one embodiment, the zincoxide is provided in a range of 5-15% and the titanium dioxide in arange of 10-15%. The ranges may be provided as % m/m, % w/w, % w/v, %m/v, or % v/v of the formulation.

In some embodiments, topical formulations for mediating an inflammatorypathway, and methods of using same, are provided that comprise:Niacinamide, bisabolol, tocopheryl phosphate, a Crithmum extract,optionally a Crithmum maritimum extract, a Magnolia extract, optionallyMagnolia officinalis extract, and a Zingiber extract, optionally aZingiber officinale extract. Beta-glucan and/or jojoba compounds mayalso be included in one embodiment. The formulations may be particularlybeneficial in some embodiments because they exhibit one or more of thefollowing effects: (i) inflammation is reduced; (ii) cytokines arereduced; (iii) skin irritation is reduced; and (iv) skin redness isreduced. In one embodiment, these effects are reduced by 10-50% posttreatment with the formulation 1-3 times daily after 7, 14, 21, 30, 60or 90 days, as compared to no treatment or treatment without theingredients described herein. In one embodiment, skin redness is reducedwithin 24 hours of use of the formulation and inflammation is reducedfor at least several hours or days thereafter, thereby providing bothinstant and long-lasting effects.

In some embodiments, topical formulations for treating skin, and methodsof using same, are provided that comprise a vitamin E compound, a gingerroot extract; and bisabolol. In other embodiments, a formulation isprovided that comprises an antioxidant to soothe redness andinflammation related to environmental and mechanical factors, a firstplant extract to restore water balance, a second extract and third plantextract, or synthetic version thereof, to reduce redness, inflammation,heat and/or discomfort, a fourth plant extract to reduce skin rednessand/or enhancing the appearance of skin firmness and/or hydration, acompound to reduce sensitive, red and itching skin while helping toreduce dryness and enhance the skin barrier, a vitamin compound to skin,aide the skin barrier, reduce the appearance of redness/blotchiness,help balance sebum production and improve the appearance of skinimperfections, an optional colorant having a greenish tint or other tintto counteract the appearance of redness, and an optional SPF of at least15, 30 or 50. In one embodiment, a formulation is provided thatcomprises a bio-available form of vitamin E that functions as anantioxidant to soothe redness and inflammation related to environmentaland mechanical factors, a marine plant extract from sea fennel torestore water balance, a ginger extract and bisabolol to reduce redness,inflammation, heat and/or discomfort, a Magnolia bark extract to reduceskin redness and enhancing the appearance of skin firmness and/orhydration, a derivative of baker's yeast β-glucan to reduce sensitive,red and/or itching skin while helping to reduce dryness and/or enhancethe skin barrier, niacinamide to soothe skin, aide the skin barrier,reduce the appearance of redness/blotchiness, help balance sebumproduction and/or improve the appearance of skin imperfections, amoptional colorant having a greenish tint or other tint to counteract theappearance of redness, and an SPF of at least 15, 30 or 50.

In several embodiments, the formulations to reduce skin redness and/orirritation is a liquid, cream or gel, which includes for examples serumsand ointments. The formulations may be free of parabens and/or animalproducts. In one embodiment, the formulations decrease inflammatorymediators. The formulations may increase skin hydration and/or improvebarrier functions of the epidermal layer. In several embodiments, thesunscreens provided are mineral sunscreens that are chemical free. Inmany embodiments, the formulation neutralizes redness, acts as amoisturizing color corrector and sunscreen all in one.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Eye Renewal and Skin Formulations

As described above, several embodiments of the present invention relateto unique topical cosmetic skin care formulations for treating,protecting, and/or repairing skin, such as skin around the delicate eyearea. The formulations described herein can be beneficial for bothhealthy and damaged skin, for example skin that is irritated throughaging, sun exposure, or other environmental stress. In severalembodiments, use of the formulations described herein provides one ormore of the following advantages: (i) brightens and corrects darkcircles, (ii) reduces puffiness, (iii) smooths fine lines and wrinkles,(iii) protects against sun damage, (iv) hydrates, and (v) primes skinfor smooth application of eye makeup. Additionally, several embodimentsdescribed herein provide a rejuvenated, refreshed and more youthfulappearance after daily use for 2, 4 or 6 weeks. Advantageously, inseveral embodiments, these improvements are obtained in a singleformulation (rather than multiple formulations that are appliedseparately) that is gentle and non-irritating, with no or littlestinging, tingling, or burning sensation. Because undesired effects arenominal or nonexistent, the formulation fosters regular use by a subject(even one with sensitive skin), which enables longer term improvementsin skin characteristics.

In several embodiments, the formulations described herein are free fromone or more (or all) of the following: parabens, sulfates, phthalates,synthetic fragrance, talc, dyes, mineral oils, drying alcohols, glycol,gluten, and chemical sunscreen. In several embodiments, the formulationsare safe for contact lens wearers. In several embodiments, theformulations are hypoallergenic and noncomedogenic. In severalembodiments, the formulation is vegan and free from animal products(e.g., the components of the formulation are plant-based or synthetic).In several embodiments, the formulations provided for herein aresuitable for 1, 2, or 3× daily topical application, and rated atProtection Grade of Ultraviolet A (PA) of 12 or greater in a PersistentPigment Darkening (PPD) test. In several embodiments, the formulationsprovided for herein are rated at Protection Grade of Ultraviolet A (PA)of 14 or greater, 16 or greater, or 18 or greater (or any ratingtherebetween) in a Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD) test. In oneembodiment, the formulation is left on overnight to provide benefits.

The formulations described herein can provide both short-term andlong-term benefits according to several embodiments. Beneficial effectsfrom use of the formulations described herein occur upon use, within 1-2days, about 7 days, about 14 days, or within about 4 weeks. In severalembodiments, the skin appears improved after application of theformulation and benefits continue over about 2-6 weeks, about 6-12weeks, about 12-24 weeks, or about 24-52 weeks of use. In severalembodiments, long lasting effects on the skin are achieved in less than1-3 months.

Several embodiments of the invention comprise a formulation for soothingirritated skin while also reinforcing the skin's natural defenses. Insome embodiments, the formulation optionally includes ingredients thatprovide protection against UV damage. In some embodiments, theformulation is a liquid, gel, cream or serum. Solid forms (e.g.,powders) may be provided. The formulations described herein can beapplied prior to or after foundation or other make-up. In someembodiments, the formulation is colorless (e.g., clear); however, inother embodiments, the formulation contains sufficient color to serve asfoundation and/or color corrector (e.g., with peach undertones tobalance dark areas). In some embodiments, the pH of the formulations isslightly basic, slightly acidic or neutral. In some embodiments, a pH of3-5, 4-6, 5-7, 6-8, or ranges in between, are provided. Lower or higherpH values may also be used. In one embodiment, a clear formulation isprovided in which, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide andcolorants are not included. In some embodiments, a clear formulationwithout titanium dioxide, zinc oxide or colorants is provided as a serumin which the ingredients are concentrated by at least 10-50% or 2-15×,as compared to the formulations containing titanium dioxide, zinc oxideand colorants.

According to several embodiments, the formulations described herein canbe applied by an applicator, including one with a smooth metallic tip, aroller ball tip, a plastic tip, or combinations thereof. In oneembodiment, the tip has a different thermal conductivity than the bodyof the applicator to cause a cooling effect at the tip that helpsreduces puffiness. The size of the applicator tips may be configured forthe region to be treated. For example, the eye area, nasolabial foldsand marionette lines may be suited for a smaller tip than larger targetregions. Alternatively, the formulations may be applied by hand, bysponge, by spraying, by dropper, by brush, or through use of acomposition-impregnated substrate (such as silicone pads or wipes).

In some embodiments, the formulations described herein can optionally beapplied by transdermal patch. In some embodiments, the formulations areabsorbent (e.g., readily absorbable) such that no separate means areneeded to enhance absorption. However, in alternate embodiments, one ormore of massage, mechanical manipulation, energy, or vibration may beused to facilitate absorption. In some embodiments, the formulation isuseful post-surgery or dermatological treatment. Further, some of theformulations described herein may be suitable for use for applicationunder one or more skin layers (e.g., as an injectable)

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises, consists essentially ofor consists of several (e.g., 6, 8, 10) or all of the following groupsof ingredients listed in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 % in total formula in some embodiments as, for example, % m/m, %m/v, % w/w, % w/v or Group Example ingredients in each group % v/v GroupOne or more solvents such as water, about 20-60% (e.g., about 25, 35, 1Asiloxanes (e.g., cyclopentasiloxane), 45, 55%) caprylic/caprictriglycerides and/or glycerin Group A silicone elastomer blend to, forabout 2-20% (e.g., about 5, 6, 7, 8, 1B example, act as an emollient,skin 9, 10, 11, 12, 15%) conditioning agent, dispersing agent and/orviscosity increasing agent. These include, for example, siloxanes (e.g.,cyclopentasiloxane), dimethicone crosspolymer, dimethicone/vinyldimethicone crosspolymer, and/or dimethiconol Group One or moreultraviolet (UV) absorbing about 2-20% (e.g., about 5, 6, 7, 8, 1Cagents, such as zinc oxide and/or 9, 10, 11, 12, 15%) titanium dioxideGroup One or more skin conditioning and/or about 5-30% (e.g., about 7,9, 11, 1D emollient agents such as caprylic/capric 13, 15, 18, 20, 22,25, 28%) triglyceride, jojoba esters, glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate,lauryl polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, tocopherol,lauroyl lysine, palmitoyl tripeptide-5, glycerin, panthenol,pantolactone, and/or ethylhexylglycerin, Group One or more agents foranticaking, about 0.1-4% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.8, 1E bulking and/oropacifying such as silica, 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3%) mica and/or aluminaGroup One or more colorant agents such as iron about 0.1-4% (e.g., about0.5, 0.8, 1F oxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 77499, and/or 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2,2.5, 3%) CI 77492) Group One or more agents for dermal about 0.5-10%(e.g., about 0.8, 1, 1G strengthening and anti-glycation, 1.5, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 8%) hydration and anti-oxidant activity such as Albizia (e.g.,Albizia julibrissin extract), Centella (e.g., Centella asiatica, anasiaticoside extracted therefrom), Siegesbeckia (e.g., Siegesbeckiaorientalis, a darutoside extracted therefrom), sodium hyaluronate,Dunaliella (e.g., Dunaliella salina extract), sea water, algin (such ashydrolyzed algin), Tremella (e.g., Tremella fuciformis sporocarpextract), betaine, glycerin, Ascophyllum (e.g., Ascophyllum nodosumextract), and/or Asparagopsis (e.g., Asparagopsis armata extract) GroupOne or more agents that act as a about 0.1-4% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.8, 1Hpreservative and/or biocide such as 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3%)phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, citric acid, and/or potassium sorbateGroup One or more dispersing agents such as about 0.01-2% (e.g., about0.05, 1I polyhydroxystearic acid 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5%) Group One ormore agents for adjusting pH about 0.01-2% (e.g., about 0.05, 1J and/orchelation such as citric acid 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5%) Group One or moreagents that act as a about 2-20% (e.g., about 5, 6, 7, 8, 1K humectantsuch as sucrose, sea water, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15%) sorbital, betaine,Tremella (e.g., tremella fuciformis sporocarp), glycerin, pantolactone,and/or panthenol Group One or more viscosity balancing about 2-25%(e.g., about 5, 6, 7, 8, 1L (increasing or decreasing) agents such 9,10, 11, 12, 15, 20%) as sodium chloride, dimethicone (e.g., laurylpolyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone), algin (e.g.,hydrolyzed algin), hydrogenated polyisobutene and/or glycerin Group Oneor more agents that act as a binder about 0.001-2% (e.g., about 0.005,1M such as triethoxycaprylylsilane 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2,0.5, 1, 1.5%) Group One or more surfactant and/or about 0.1-10% (e.g.,about 0.2, 0.5, 1N solubilizing agents such as dimethicone 1, 3, 5, 7%)(e.g., lauryl polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone),and/or glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises, consists essentially ofor consists of several (e.g., 8, 10, 12) or all of the following groupsof ingredients listed in Table 2 below:

TABLE 2 % in total formula in some embodiments Example ingredients ineach as, for example, % m/m, % m/v, % w/w, Group group % w/v or % v/vGroup Water about 20-60% (e.g., about 25, 35, 45, 55%) 2.1 GroupHydrogenated polyisobutene about 2-20% (e.g., about 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10, 2.2 12, 15%) Group At least two (or all of): about 2-20% (e.g.,about 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 2.3 siloxanes (e.g., 12, 15%) as a group,cyclopentasiloxane), wherein individual ingredients are about 0.04-15%dimethicone crosspolymer, (e.g., about 0.05, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.8, 1,dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14%) crosspolymer, anddimethiconol Group At least two (or all of): zinc about 2-20% (e.g.,about 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 2.4 oxide (e.g., CI 77947), 12, 15%) as agroup, caprylic/capric triglyceride, wherein individual ingredients areabout 0.04-15% jojoba esters, and glyceryl (e.g., about 0.05, 0.15, 0.2,0.25, 0.8, 1, behenate/eicosadioate 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12, 14%) Group Atleast two (or all of): titanium about 1-15% (e.g., about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 2.5 dioxide (e.g., CI 77891), 10, 12, 15%) as a group,triglyceride (e.g., wherein individual ingredients are about 0.04-12%caprylic/capric triglyceride), (e.g., about 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25,silica, polyhydroxystearic acid, 0.8, 1, 3, 3.5 4, 6, 7, 8, 10%) andalumina Group One or both of dimethicone about 1-15% (e.g., about 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2.6 (e.g., lauryl polyglyceryl-3 10, 12, 15%) as agroup, polydimethylsiloxyethyl wherein individual ingredients are aboutdimethicone) and tocopherol 0.0005-10% (e.g., about 0.001, 0.005, 0.01,0.06, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8%) Group One or both of titaniumdioxide about 1-15% (e.g., about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 2.7 (e.g., CI77891) and 10, 12, 15%) as a group, dimethicone wherein individualingredients are about 0.0005-10% (e.g., about 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.06,0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8%) Group One or both of mica and about0.1-7% (e.g., about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2.8 lauroyl lysine 6%) as agroup, wherein individual ingredients are about 0.0005-5% (e.g., about0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.03 0.06, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 3, 4%) Group At least two(or all of): glycerin, about 0.1-7% (e.g., about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2.9Albizia (e.g., Albizia julibrissin 6%) as a group, bark extract), sodiumwherein individual ingredients are about benzoate, Centella (e.g.,0.0005-5% (e.g., about 0.001, 0.002, 0.004, Centella asiatica, an 0.005,0.01, 0.03 0.06, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 2, 3, asiaticoside extracted 4%)therefrom), Siegesbeckia (e.g., Siegesbeckia orientalis, a darutosideextracted therefrom) Group At least two (or all of): about 0.1-6% (e.g.,about 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 2.10 palmitoyl tripeptide-5, 5%) as a group,panthenol, sodium wherein individual ingredients are about hyaluronate,Dunaliella (e.g., 0.001-4% (e.g., about 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, Dunaliellasalina extract), 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2,phenoxyethanol, citric acid, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4%) sodium benzoateethylhexylglycerin, potassium sorbate, pantolactone, and water Group Atleast two (or all of): water about 0.1-4% (e.g., about 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2,3%) 2.11 (such as sea water), algin as a group, (such as hydrolyzedalgin), wherein individual ingredients are about sucrose,phenoxyethanol, and 0.0005-4% (e.g., about 0.001, 0.002, 0.005,ethylhexylglycerin 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7,0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3%) Group At least two (or all of): sorbital, about0.1-4% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.5, 2.12 water, Ascophyllum(e.g., 2, 3%) as a group, Ascophyllum nodosum wherein individualingredients are about extract), Asparagopsis (e.g., 0.0005-3% (e.g.,about 0.001, 0.002, 0.005, Asparagopsis armata extract), 0.007, 0.01,0.02, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, phenoxyethanol, and 0.4, 0.5, 0.7,0.8, 1, 1.5, 2%) potassium sorbate Group At least two (or all of):water, about 0.1-4% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.5, 2.13 tremella(e.g., Tremella 2, 3%) as a group, fuciformis sporocarp extract) whereinindividual ingredients are about betaine, glycerin, potassium 0.0005-3%(e.g., about 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, sorbate, and phenoxyethanol 0.007,0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.06, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2%)Group Sodium chloride 0.01-5% (e.g., about 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.5,2.14 0.7, 0.8, 1, 2, 4%) Group At least two (or all of): about 0.01-4%(e.g., about 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.9, 2.15 phenoxyethanol, 1, 1.5, 2, 3%) asa group, ethylhexylglycerin and wherein individual ingredients are abouttocopherol 0.0001-3% (e.g., about 0.0005, 0.001, 0.007, Group At leastone (or all of): iron about 0.01-4% (e.g., about 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.9,2.16 oxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3%) as a group,77499, and/or CI 77492) and wherein individual ingredients are abouttriethoxycaprylylsilane 0.0001-3% (e.g., about 0.002, 0.009, 0.01, 0.02,0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.5, 2%)

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises, consists essentially ofor consists of several (e.g., 6, 8, 10) or all of the following groupsof ingredients listed in Table 3 below.

TABLE 3 % in total formula in some embodiments as, for example, GroupExample ingredients in each group % m/m, % m/v, % w/w, % w/v or % v/v3.1 water about 60-95% (e.g., about 65, 70, 80, 85, 90%) 3.2 water,sorbitol, Ascophyllum nodosum about 0.2-5% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.8, 1,extract, Asparagopsis armata extract 1.5, 2, 4%) 3.3 palmitoyltripeptide-5, panthenol, about 0.5-6% (e.g., about 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2,sodium hyaluronate, Dunaliella salina 3, 4, 5%) extract 3.4 sea water,water, hydrolyzed algin, about 0.2-5% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.8, 1, sucrose1.5, 2, 4%) 3.5 glycerin, Albizia julibrissin bark extract, about 0.5-6%(e.g., about 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, darutoside 3, 4, 5%) 3.6 water, Tremellafuciformis sporocarp about 0.2-5% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.8, 1, (silver earmushroom) extract, betaine, 1.5, 2, 4%) glycerin 3.7 glycerin about0.2-5% (e.g., about 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 4%) 3.8 xanthan gum about0.05-3% (e.g., about 0.1, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.85, 1, 2%) 3.9 polysorbate20 about 0.05-3% (e.g., about 0.1, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.85, 1, 2%) 3.10phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin about 0.05-3% (e.g., about 0.1, 0.35,0.4, 0.5, 0.85, 1, 2%) 3.11 caprylyl glycol, caprylhydroxamic acid,about 0.05-3% (e.g., about 0.1, 0.35, glycerin 0.4, 0.5, 0.85, 1, 2%)

In some embodiments, formulations according to each of Tables 1-3 have apH at 25 degrees Celsius of about 5.5-7.7 (e.g., 6-7).

In the tables above, the ranges provided in the parentheticals includethe overlapping ranges between the numbers. For example, a range of20-60% (e.g., about 25, 35, 45, 55%) includes, for example, rangesbetween 25-35%, 25-55%, 45-55%, 35-55%, etc.). In one embodiment, thepercentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises or consists essentially ofwater, Albizia (such as Albizia julibrissin), Tremella (such as Tremellafuciformis sporocarp), algin (such as hydrolyzed algin), Ascophyllum(such as Ascophyllum nodosu), betaine, Dunaliella (such as Dunaliellasalina), Asparagopsis (such as Asparagopsis armata), Centella (e.g.,Centella asiatica or an asiaticoside extracted therefrom), Siegesbeckia(e.g., Siegesbeckia orientalis or a darutoside extracted therefrom), andone or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of titaniumdioxide, zinc oxide, polyisobutenes, siloxanes, triglycerides, sorbitol,jojoba, glycerin, panthenol, mica, dimethicones, lauroyl lysine,ethylhexylglycerin, triethoxycaprylylsilane, alumina, phenoxyethanol,potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, citric acid and iron oxides.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises or consists essentially of(i) water in a range of about 30-90% of the total formulation, (ii)titanium dioxide and zinc oxide collectively in a range of about 5-20%of the total formulation, (iii) at least five or all of Albizia (such asAlbizia julibrissin), Tremella (such as Tremella fuciformis sporocarp),algin (such as hydrolyzed algin), Ascophyllum (such as Ascophyllumnodosu), betaine, Dunaliella (such as Dunaliella salina), Asparagopsis(such as Asparagopsis armata), Centella (e.g., Centella asiatica or anasiaticoside extracted therefrom), Siegesbeckia (e.g., Siegesbeckiaorientalis or a darutoside extracted therefrom), collectively in a rangeof about 0.3-10% of the total formulation, and (iv) at least five or allof polyisobutenes, siloxanes, triglycerides, sorbitol, jojoba, glycerin,panthenol, mica, dimethicones, lauroyl lysine, ethylhexylglycerin,triethoxycaprylylsilane, alumina, phenoxyethanol, potassium sorbate,sodium benzoate, citric acid and iron oxides, collectively in a range ofabout 5-50% of the total formulation. In one embodiment, the percentagesprovided are % m/m or % w/w.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises or consists essentially of(i) water in a range of about 30-90% of the total formulation, (ii)titanium dioxide and zinc oxide collectively in a range of about 5-20%of the total formulation, (iii) at least five or all of Albizia (such asAlbizia julibrissin), Tremella (such as Tremella fuciformis sporocarp),algin (such as hydrolyzed algin), Ascophyllum (such as Ascophyllumnodosu), betaine, Dunaliella (such as Dunaliella salina), Asparagopsis(such as Asparagopsis armata), Centella (e.g., Centella asiatica or anasiaticoside extracted therefrom), Siegesbeckia (e.g., Siegesbeckiaorientalis or a darutoside extracted therefrom), collectively in a rangeof about 0.3-10% of the total formulation, and (iv) preservatives,viscosity increasing/decreasing agents, surfactants, emulsifiers,fragrances, colorants, and solvents, collectively in a range of about5-50% of the total formulation. In one embodiment, the percentagesprovided are % m/m or % w/w.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises or consistsessentially of an Albizia extract, a Tremella extract, a brown seaweedextract, an Ascophyllum extract, a Dunaliella extract, an Asparagopsisextract, a Centella extract and a Siegesbeckia extract.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises or consistsessentially of an Albizia extract, a Tremella extract, a brown seaweedextract, an Ascophyllum extract, a Dunaliella extract, an Asparagopsisextract, and a darutoside

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises or consists essentiallyof marine microalgae, at least two polysaccharides, a plant-basedwater-retention agent, and at least two plant extracts. In oneembodiment, the marine microalgae are in a range of about 0.01-5%, thepolysaccharides are in a range of about 0.01-5%, the plant-basedwater-retention agent is provided in a range of about 0.01-5%, and theplant extracts are provided in a range of about 0.01-5%. In oneembodiment, the percentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises or consistsessentially of (i) one or more solvents in a range of about 30-95% ofthe total formulation, and (ii) Albizia, Tremella, algin, Ascophyllum,Dunaliella, Asparagopsis, Centella, and Siegesbeckia, or extractsthereof, and betaine, collectively in a range of about 0.3-10% of thetotal formulation. In some embodiments, these ingredients are providedin a clear serum without, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide orcolorants, and such ingredients are concentrated by at least 10-50% or2-15×, as compared the amounts listed on Table 3. In one embodiment, thefollowing ingredients are also provided: a preservative, a viscosityincreasing/decreasing agent, a surfactant, an emulsifier, a fragrance,and a colorant, collectively in a range of about 5-50% of the totalformulation. Optionally, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are providedcollectively in a range of about 5-20% of the total formulation. In oneembodiment, the percentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises or consists essentially of(i) water in a range of about 30-95% of the total formulation, (ii) atleast five or all of Albizia (such as Albizia julibrissin), Tremella(such as Tremella fuciformis sporocarp), algin (such as hydrolyzedalgin), Ascophyllum (such as Ascophyllum nodosu), betaine, Dunaliella(such as Dunaliella salina), Asparagopsis (such as Asparagopsis armata),Centella (e.g., Centella asiatica or an asiaticoside extractedtherefrom), Siegesbeckia (e.g., Siegesbeckia orientalis or a darutosideextracted therefrom), collectively in a range of about 0.3-10% of thetotal formulation, and (iii) at least five or all of titanium dioxide,zinc oxide polyisobutenes, siloxanes, triglycerides, sorbitol, jojoba,glycerin, panthenol, mica, dimethicones, lauroyl lysine,ethylhexylglycerin, triethoxycaprylylsilane, alumina, phenoxyethanol,potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, citric acid and iron oxides,collectively in a range of about 5-50% of the total formulation. In oneembodiment, the percentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises or consists essentiallyof (i) water in a range of about 30-95% of the total formulation, (ii)at least five or all of Albizia (such as Albizia julibrissin), Tremella(such as Tremella fuciformis sporocarp), algin (such as hydrolyzedalgin), Ascophyllum (such as Ascophyllum nodosu), betaine, Dunaliella(such as Dunaliella salina), Asparagopsis (such as Asparagopsis armata),Centella (e.g., Centella asiatica or an asiaticoside extractedtherefrom), Siegesbeckia (e.g., Siegesbeckia orientalis or a darutosideextracted therefrom), collectively in a range of about 0.3-10% of thetotal formulation, and (iii) preservatives, viscosityincreasing/decreasing agents, surfactants, emulsifiers, and solvents,collectively in a range of about 5-50% of the total formulation. In oneembodiment, also included are colorants, fragrances, titanium dioxideand zinc oxide collectively in a range of about 5-20% of the totalformulation. In one embodiment, the percentages provided are % m/m or %w/w.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises or consistsessentially of (i) water and glycerin in a range of about 60-98%, (ii)Ascophyllum (such as Ascophyllum nodosu) and/or Asparagopsis (such asAsparagopsis armata) in a range of about 0.1-2%, (iii) one or more ofpalmitoyl tripeptide-5, panthenol, sodium hyaluronate, and Dunaliella(such as Dunaliella salina) in a range of about 0.5-8%, (iv) algin (suchas hydrolyzed algin) in a range of about 0.01-5%, (v) Albizia (such asAlbizia julibrissin) and/or darutoside (e.g., a darutoside extractedSiegesbeckia orientalis) in a range of about 0.5-6%, (vi) Tremella (suchas Tremella fuciformis sporocarp), (vii) two or more of sucrose,betaine, xanthan gum, polysorbate 20, phenoxyethanol,ethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol, caprylhydroxamic acid, sorbitol ina range of about 0.5-15%. In one embodiment, the percentages ofingredients are provided are % m/m or % w/w as compared to the totalformulation.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises or consistsessentially of effective amounts of (i) Ascophyllum (such as Ascophyllumnodosu) and/or Asparagopsis (such as Asparagopsis armata) (ii) one ormore of palmitoyl tripeptide-5, panthenol, sodium hyaluronate, andDunaliella (such as Dunaliella salina), (iii) algin (such as hydrolyzedalgin), (v) Albizia (such as Albizia julibrissin) and/or darutoside(e.g., a darutoside extracted from Siegesbeckia orientalis), and (vi)Tremella (such as Tremella fuciformis sporocarp). In one embodiment, twoor more of the following are also included: water, glycerin, sucrose,betaine, xanthan gum, polysorbate 20, phenoxyethanol,ethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol, caprylhydroxamic acid, andsorbitol.

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises or consists essentiallyof effective amounts of four or more of the following: Ascophyllum (suchas Ascophyllum nodosu), Asparagopsis (such as Asparagopsis armata),palmitoyl tripeptide-5, panthenol, sodium hyaluronate, Dunaliella (suchas Dunaliella salina), algin (such as hydrolyzed algin), Albizia (suchas Albizia julibrissin), darutoside (e.g., a darutoside extracted fromSiegesbeckia orientalis), and Tremella (such as Tremella fuciformissporocarp). In one embodiment, two or more of the following are alsoincluded: water, glycerin, sucrose, betaine, xanthan gum, polysorbate20, phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol,caprylhydroxamic acid, and sorbitol.

In some embodiments, a topical skin care formulation, comprisingeffective amounts of the following ingredients is provided: an Albiziajulibrissin extract, a Dunaliella salina extract, a hydrolyzed algin, abetaine, an Ascophyllum nodosum extract, an Asparagopsis armata extract,a Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extract, and a darutoside. Theseingredients are provided in a range of 0.3-15% (e.g., 0.3-10%) of theformulation and may further comprise one or more solvents (such aswater) provided in a range of 50-95% of the formulation.

In some embodiments, a topical skin care formulation, comprising thefollowing is provided: a combination of Albizia, Tremella, algin,Ascophyllum, betaine, Dunaliella, Asparagopsis, and one or both of adarutoside and an asiaticoside, collectively in a range of about 0.3-10%of the total formulation; a combination of palmitoyl tripeptide-5,panthenol, sodium hyaluronate, sucrose, glycerin, phenoxyethanol, andethylhexylglycerin, caprylyl glycol, and caprylhydroxamic acid,collectively in a range of about 2-50% of the total formulation; andwater in a range of about 30-95% of the total formulation. A topicalskin care formulation comprising the following provided in severalembodiments: a combination of Albizia, Tremella, algin, Ascophyllum,betaine, Dunaliella, Asparagopsis, and a darutoside, said combination ina range of about 0.3-10% of the total formulation; one or morepreservatives, viscosity agents, and emulsifiers, collectively in arange of about 2-20% of the total formulation; and one or more solventsin a range of about 30-95% of the total formulation. In someembodiments, the Albizia comprises Albizia julibrissin or an extractthereof, the Tremella comprises Tremella fuciformis sporocarp or anextract thereof, the algin comprises hydrolyzed algin, the Ascophyllumcomprises Ascophyllum nodosu or an extract thereof, the Dunaliellacomprises Dunaliella salina or an extract thereof, and the Asparagopsiscomprises Asparagopsis armata or an extract thereof.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises aqua/water, hydrogenatedpolyisobutene, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cyclopentasiloxane,caprylic/capric triglyceride, lauryl polyglyceryl-3polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, glycerin, panthenol, mica,dimethicone crosspolymer, Albizia julibrissin extract, sea water,sorbitol, jojoba esters, sodium hyaluronate, palmitoyl tripeptide-5,Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extract, hydrolyzed algin, Ascophyllumnodosum extract, betaine, Dunaliella salina extract, Asparagopsis armataextract, sucrose, darutoside, pantolactone, tocopherol, sodium chloride,dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, silica, polyhydroxystearicacid, glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate, dimethicone, lauroyl lysine,dimethiconol, ethylhexylglycerin, triethoxycaprylylsilane, alumina,phenoxyethanol, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, citric acid and ironoxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499, and/or CI177891). In oneembodiment, glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate is a combination of esters ofglycerin with behenic andeicosanoic acids.

In several embodiments in which darutoside is included in theformulation, the darutoside is obtained from Siegesbeckia (such asSiegesbeckia orientalis). In one embodiment, darutoside is used forstrengthening of dermal tissue. In one embodiment, darutoside isobtained from Centella (such as Centella asiatica), Siegesbeckia, orboth combined. Asiaticoside may be also extracted from Centella asiaticaand provided according to one embodiment.

In several embodiments in which Albizia is included in the formulation,the Albizia comprises a bark extract of Albizia julibrissin. Flower,stem and/or seed extracts may be used in some embodiments. In oneembodiment, Albizia is used as an anti-glycation agent. Otheranti-glycation agents can be used in addition to or instead of Albizia,including but not limited to polyphenols, anthocyanins and alkaloids.Examples include, for example, aminoguanidine, retinol, niacinamide,cinnamon, clove, ginger, green tea, and blueberry extracts.

In several embodiments in which algin is included in the formulation,the algin is obtained from seaweed (e.g., brown seaweed, white kelp). Insome embodiments, instead of or in addition to algin, marine algae,kelp, dried seaweed or other seaweed extract is used. As with the otheringredients disclosed herein, the salt or acid form can be used in someembodiments. In one embodiment, algin is obtained by digesting seaweedin alkali and precipitating either the calcium salt or alginic acid.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises one or more siloxanes.In several embodiments, the siloxane comprises cyclopentasiloxane. Othersiloxanes are used, in several embodiments, depending on the embodiment,for example those with 4, 5, or 6 siloxane groups.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises one or more vitaminE-based compounds. In several embodiments, the vitamin E compoundcomprises tocopherol, tocopheryl, tocopheryl phosphate or otherderivative thereof. In several embodiments, the vitamin E compoundcomprises disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphate.

In some embodiments, triglycerides are included in the formulation. Inone embodiment, triglycerides may be derived from coconut oil or otheroils. In one embodiment, the triglycerides comprise caprylic and capricfatty acids.

According to several embodiments, zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide areused for UV absorption. Micronized and/or nanoscale zinc oxide togetherwith titanium dioxide can be used and can provide strong protectionagainst ultraviolet radiation. Titanium dioxide can also be used hereinas a pigment, sunscreen, sunblock and a thickener. Other oxides,dioxides or sunscreens can be used in addition to or instead of zincoxide and/or titanium dioxide in alternate embodiments. In severalembodiments, the formulation can have an SPF between 5 SPF and 100 SPF.In some embodiments, the topical composition can have an SPF of 15, 20,25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and ranges in between. Aphysical sunscreen with an SPF of 35 is provided in several embodiments.Although a physical sunscreen is preferred, in one embodiment, theformulation contains a chemical sunscreen or does not contain sunscreen(which may be optionally provided separately).

In one embodiment, the water used in the formulation is one or more ofdistilled, deionized, and/or sea water.

In one embodiment, a thickener or viscosity increasing agent is providedin a range of about 0.1-15% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%,1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 15%, and ranges in between). In oneembodiment, the percentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises a stabilizer,suspending agent and/or thickener. Dimethicone crosspolymer can be usedherein as a stabilizing or a suspending agent or a thickener. Types ofdimethicone crosspolymers that can be used as a stabilizing agent,suspending agent or a thickener include, but are not limited to,silicone, dimethicone crosspolymer and cyclopentasiloxane, dimethiconecrosspolymer 3, dimethicone crosspolymer PEG-8, cetyldimethicone/dimethicone cross polymer, and dimethicone/vinyl dimethiconecrosspolymer, and combinations thereof.

In several embodiments, a dispersing agent is used to achieve a moreeven distribution (and stabilization, in some embodiments) of solidparticles, like pigments and fillers, throughout the formulation. Inseveral embodiments, dimethicone, silica and polyhydroxystearic acid areused as dispersing agents. In another embodiment, disteardimoniumhectorite may be used.

The topical formulations described herein may be used as a primer,foundation, or concealer in addition to reducing wrinkles, laxity anddark patches. Body and facial (e.g., eye) creams, lotions, gels, serumsand other topical skin care preparations are provided in severalembodiments.

In some embodiments, the formulations described herein are embedded ontoa substrate. The substrate may be pre-shaped to surround the eye. A userplaces the substrate on his or her face and the formulation is provideddirectly to the eye area. This can be left on for minutes, hours or evenovernight. In one embodiment, the substrate is silicone (e.g., medicalgrade silicone) that additionally reduces fine lines and wrinkles. Suchsubstrates can also be pre-shaped to fit the nasolabial folds,marionette lines and other areas. In one embodiment, the formulation andsubstrate (e.g., the silicone pads) are provided separately in a kit.

According to several embodiments, the ingredients may be delivered in asingle formulation or separately. For example, the ingredients (orgroups of ingredients) may be provided in separate compositions that areco-located in a multi-chamber dispenser. In several embodiments, a kitcomprising a formulation as described herein is provided along withinstructions for use. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises aseparate sunscreen to be reapplied on a more frequent basis (suchsunscreen can be provided as a brush-on sunscreen). Applicators(brushes, sticks, sponges, etc.) may be provided to apply theformulations described herein. In one embodiment, at least one of thefollowing is included in a kit along with the formulation: a mascara, aneyeshadow, a brow shaper, a brow color, eye liner, a highlighter, amascara and an eyelash curler.

Several embodiments of the formulations are particularly advantageousbecause they provide coverage (e.g., color, camouflage) in a formulationthat goes on smoothly and is not chalky or sticky. This is helpful toimmediately cover areas of darker or discolored areas, while theformulation is simultaneously working on a long-term basis to reducesaid darker or discolored areas (such as dark circles around the eyes).This is also helpful to minimize the number of products a user appliesto his/her face (or body) because it reduces the need for a separatefoundation. A beige/peach formulation is provided to counteractdiscoloration in some embodiments. A clear formulation (such as a serum)is provided in other embodiments.

Several embodiments of the formulations are water resistant. In oneembodiment, the formulation is water resistant, e.g., with respect toSPF, for up to 30, 40, 60 and 120 minutes. Long-wear formulations areprovided in several embodiments. In some embodiments, one or more mildkeratolytic agents may be optionally included, wherein the keratolyticis gentle enough to be used on delicate skin. This may be helpful forcrow's feet, nasolabial folds, marionette lines, or other regions on theface and body. Mild keratolytic agents may help remove or soften older,damaged surface tissue and promote the generation of new skin cells.Mild keratolytic agents used in the formulations described hereininclude but are not limited to one or more of the following: plantextracts (such as from the aster family), retinol, salicylic acid, alphahydroxy acid, beta hydroxy acid, sulfur, azelaic acid, glycolic acid,urea, lactic acid, resorcinol, allantoin, fruit acids, and fruit oils.Gentle exfoliants include chemical or mechanical exfoliants. Thekeratolytic agents are provided, in several embodiments, in a range ofabout 0.005% to about 10% (e.g., 0.005%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%,and ranges in between).

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises or consists essentiallyof one or more of the following active ingredients: titanium dioxide,zinc oxide, Albizia, darutoside, Dunaliella, algin, Ascophyllum,Asparagopsism, betaine, and Tremella (including for example, extracts,components or portions thereof). In one embodiment, one or moreadditional active agents are included, such as caffeine, vitamin C,vitamin K, squalene, and/or arnica. Chilled or heated formulations maybe provided in addition to room temperature. Chilling may aid inpuffiness reduction while heating may aid in absorption.

In several embodiments, the formulations provided herein furthercomprise one or more seaweed, algae, fungal or other extracts. Inseveral embodiments, the extract is extracted from the cell wall, leaf,root, bark, flower or other part of the organism. For example, althoughAlbizia julibrissin bark (including an extract hereof) is used in someembodiments, leaf, stem, seed, and/or root portions are used in otherembodiments.

In several embodiments, extracts of the ingredients disclosed herein areused. For example, extracts of Albizia, darutoside, Dunaliella, algin,Ascophyllum, Asparagopsism, and Tremella are used in severalembodiments. An extract may be obtained, for example, by the techniqueof extraction or by in vitro plant cell culture.

The agents, ingredients and compounds described herein may be modifiednatural substances (e.g., isolates, extracts, purified, processed,chemically modified, etc.) or synthetic substances. Methods of usingunique combinations of natural substances are also provided. ToApplicant's knowledge, several combinations of ingredients disclosedherein represent unique enhanced formulations that are not naturallyoccurring (e.g., not found in nature in such combination). Moreover, inseveral embodiments, the individual ingredients may be modified to bestructurally and/or functionally different than the naturally-occurringspecies, thereby resulting in markedly unique effects. Salts and acidsof the ingredients identified herein, as applicable, can be used in someembodiments.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises a method of treatingskin (such as the eye) using any one of the formulations described aboveor below. The use of any of the formulations described herein fortreating skin (e.g., reducing the appearance of fine lines, laxity,wrinkles, puffiness) and/or improving skin appearance is provided inseveral embodiments. Several embodiments also include instructing themethod or use of the formulation (e.g., via instructions for use).

Formulations for Treating Hyperpigmentation

Despite the large number of cosmetic formulations on the market, thereremains a need for a cosmetic formulation that simultaneously reduceshyperpigmentation in a multi-modal manner and offers significantphysical UVA and UVB sun protection, and optionally provides coverage(e.g., color) in a formulation that goes on smoothly and is not chalkyor sticky. In many embodiments, the reduction of inflammation throughthe inclusion of an anti-inflammatory agent (e.g., vitamin E compounds)synergistically works with the other ingredients to counterhyperpigmentation via multiple pathways to enhance lightening and/orbrightening effects.

Several embodiments of the present invention meet the need recitedabove. Several embodiments relate to unique skin care formulations fortreating and protecting skin, including preventing further damage. Bothhealthy skin and damaged skin can benefit from several of theformulations described herein. Damaged skin can include skin withhyperpigmentation. Several embodiments are particularly useful forreducing specific regions of hyperpigmentation, thereby producing abrightening or lightening effect. An enhanced glow or radiance isachieved by several embodiments. Several formulations described hereinare not limited to skin with hyperpigmentation. Indeed, manyformulations are not only protective (for example by including a sunprotection factor or SPF), but also nourish the skin, increase hydrationand improve overall appearance, texture and firmness. Thus, severalformulations of the invention are beneficial for skin that is aged,sun-damaged, wrinkled, lax, and/or blemished. Formulations according toseveral embodiments can be used anywhere on the body, and are especiallybeneficial for the face, neck, décolletage and hands, wherehyperpigmentation and signs of aging may be particularly prominent.

In some embodiments, the invention comprises a topical formulation fortreating and protecting skin in a subject, wherein the topicalformulation is a liquid (such as a serum, lotion, liquid primer orcream), a gel, a spray, a powder, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, the hyperpigmentation, brightening, and/or lighteningformulations are used during or after a dermatological procedure(including but not limited to brow lifts, blepharoplasty, botulin andother neurotoxins, facials, fillers, dermabrasion, microdermabrasion,micro-needling, peels, exfoliations, suctioning, fluid delivery, acidtreatments, massage, extractions, energy-based and other treatments,such as lasers, thermal, radiofrequency, light (e.g., photofacials/IPL),etc.).

In several embodiments, use of the formulations described herein reduceshyperpigmentation by about 10-100% (e.g., about 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%and ranges in between) after use. For example, significant lighteningeffects and improvements in pore size, fine lines, overall appearance,radiance, skin smoothness, and/or skin tone (evenness) are visible inseveral embodiments after 4 weeks, 8 weeks or 12 weeks. Certainimprovements in skin may be visible or felt upon use or within days ofuse. Although specific regions of hyperpigmentation (e.g., age spots)are treated according to several embodiments, an overall lightening orbrightening effect can also be achieved on skin that has no discreteregions of hyperpigmentation.

The topical formulation, in several embodiments, comprises or consistsessentially of one or more anti-melanin agents (such as tyrosineinhibitors), one or more anti-inflammatory agents, and one or more sunprotection agents. The anti-melanin agent(s) (such as tyrosineinhibitors) and anti-inflammatory agent(s) (such as vitamin E compounds)work synergistically together in many embodiments to counter undesiredpigmentation.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises (i) a firstanti-melanin agent, (ii) a second anti-melanin agent, (iii) ananti-inflammatory agent, (iv) a sun protection agent, and (v) anoptional anti-oxidant. In several embodiments, the formulation comprisesabout 0.05-5% of a first anti-melanin agent, about 0.005-5% of a secondanti-melanin agent, about 0.05-5% of an anti-inflammatory agent, about5-30% of a sun protection agent, and about 1-5% of an optionalantioxidant, wherein the ranges are provided as % m/m, % m/v, or % v/vof the formulation. In some embodiments, the first anti-melanin agentcomprises a Bidens pilosa extract, the second anti-melanin agentcomprises a Rheum rhaponticum extract, the anti-inflammatory agentcomprises a Vitamin E compound, the sun protection agent comprises zincoxide and titanium dioxide offering a high sun protection factor (e.g.,of SPF 30, 50 or more), and the antioxidant comprises a Thermusthermophillus ferment extract. The formulation may additionally comprisesome (e.g., 1-4) or all of the following oils in some embodiments: anElaeis guineensis oil, a Gossypium herbaceum seed oil, a Linumusitatissimum seed oil, a Citrus paradisi seed extract, and a Fusanusspicatus wood oil. In several embodiments, effective (e.g., therapeuticamounts) of ingredients are included in the formulation. An effective(e.g., therapeutic) amount, in one embodiment, may be that which reduceshyperpigmentation or uneven skin tone after at least 1-18 months (e.g.,4-12 weeks) of twice daily use.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises a Bidens pilosaextract, an acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract, a Vitamin E compound,a Thermus thermophillus ferment extract, a zinc oxide, and a titaniumdioxide, wherein the formulation provides a high sun protection factorof SPF 30, 50 or more. In some embodiments, the formulation comprisesabout 0.005-5% or about 0.05-5% Bidens pilosa, about 0.005-5% or about0.05-5% acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract, about 0.05-5% Vitamin Ecompound, about 0.05-10%, about 5-15% zinc oxide, and about 10-15%titanium dioxide, wherein the ranges are provided as % m/m, % m/v, or %v/v of the formulation. In many embodiments, the percentages providedare % m/m or % w/w.

In several embodiments, the Rheum rhaponticum extract comprises acetylRheum rhaponticum root extract and the vitamin E compound comprisesdisodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates. The formulationmay be a topical formulation in the form of e.g., a liquid, cream orgel, and in one embodiment is a paraben-free facial primer.

In several embodiments, a method of treating skin discoloration isprovided, the method comprising identifying at least one region of askin tissue having discoloration or an uneven tone (including but notlimited to hyperpigmentation) and applying, or instructing applicationof, any one of the topical formulations described herein to the skinregion, wherein the formulation lightens the hyperpigmentation and/orimproves skin tone uniformity, as well as provides protection fromultraviolet rays,

In some embodiments of the invention, the anti-melanin agents usedherein directly and/or indirectly reduce the production of melanin,degrade melanin, reduce the melanin transfer from melanocytes tokeratinocytes, and/or reduce the storage of melanin. In someembodiments, anti-melanin agents are tyrosinase inhibitors that inhibitthe production and/or accumulation of melanin by inhibiting tyrosinase(which facilitates melanogenesis). Tyrosinase inhibitors used in theformulations described herein include but are not limited to one or moreof the following: extracts from the rhubarb family (such as Rheumrhaponticum, acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract), ascorbic acid,bearberry, licorice, mulberry, kojic acid, green tea (epicatechingallate, epigallocatechin gallate and gallocatechin gallate) andacetylated hydroxystilbene. Tyrosinase inhibitors used in theformulations described herein also include but are not limited topolyphenols such as curcuminoids, flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanins,flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, flavones, isoflavones) and stilbenoids(e.g., resveratrol, pterolstilbene), free radical scavengers, and copperchelators. Anti-melanin agents used in the formulations described hereininclude tyrosinase inhibitors, as well as other agents that are nottyrosinase inhibitors but also have an ability to reduce the productionof melanin, degrade melanin and/or reduce the storage of melanin (e.g.,endothelin inhibitors). In some embodiments, the anti-melanin agent is atyrosinase inhibitor comprising a Rheum rhaponticum extract (e.g.,acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract) and a panthenol compound (e.g.,panthenyl triacetate). In some embodiments, the anti-melanin agent isacetylated hydroxystilbene. The anti-melanin agents are provided, inseveral embodiments, in a range of about 0.001% to about 10% (e.g.,0.001%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and ranges inbetween) % m/m, % m/v, or % v/v in the formulation. In many embodiments,the percentages provided are % m/m or % w/w. In some embodiments, thepanthenol compound (e.g., panthenyl triacetate) acts as an anti-irritantand anti-inflammatory. As discussed herein, reducing inflammation mayreduce hyperpigmentation through an inflammatory-mediated pathway.

In several embodiments, at least two types of anti-melanin agents areincluded in a formulation. For example, one type reduces the productionof melanin, while the other type(s) degrades (or enhance the degradationof) melanin, reduces the melanin transfer from melanocytes tokeratinocytes, and/or reduces the storage of melanin. The use of atleast two different anti-melanin agents provides synergistic effects inseveral embodiments. For example, in one embodiment, the formulationcontains a Bidens pilosa extract as an anti-melanin agent tobeneficially affect melanin transport as well as a Rheum rhaponticumextract (e.g., acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract) as a tyrosinaseinhibitor. These two extracts are combined with one or moreanti-inflammatories and sun protection agents in many embodiments of theformulation to accomplish a multi-modal approach to effectively addressthe appearance of skin discoloration (e.g., hyperpigmentation,hypopigmentation, etc.). By affecting different points in the cascade ofevent that leads to discoloration, several embodiments of theformulation as described herein are particularly advantageous.

In some embodiments of the invention, the anti-inflammatory agentsdecrease redness and irritation (such as that caused by UV exposure) andfortify resistance to inflammation. The anti-inflammatory agents mayhave antioxidant properties by reacting with reactive oxygen species.The anti-inflammatory agents may also absorb the energy from UV lightand are photo-protective, and reduce UV-induced free radical damage toskin. In several embodiments, the anti-inflammatory agents, by actingthrough a different pathway that involves inflammation's influence onpigmentation are particularly potent when combined with the anti-melaninagents. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or hypermelanosis, which canoccur after cutaneous inflammation or injury, is one example ofhyperpigmentation that is related to inflammation, and according toseveral embodiments, is treated with the formulations described herein.Anti-inflammatory agents used in the formulations described hereininclude but are not limited to one or more of the following: vitamin Ecompounds (such as disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphateand other tocopherols), vitamin A compounds, vitamin B compounds, andvitamin D compounds. In several embodiments, the anti-inflammatory agentcomprises a vitamin E compound (e.g., disodium lauriminodipropionatetocopheryl phosphate). The anti-inflammatory agents are provided, inseveral embodiments, in a range of about 0.1% to about 20% (e.g., 0.1%,0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and ranges in between) % m/m, % m/v, or %v/v in the formulation. In many embodiments, the percentages providedare % m/m or % w/w.

In some embodiments of the invention, the sun protection agents usedhave an SPF of 30, 50 or higher. In many embodiments, the sun protectionagents are physical sunscreens (and not chemical sun screens) that blockboth UVA and UVB rays. The sun protection agents used in theformulations described herein include but are not limited to zinc oxide,titanium dioxide and other mineral oxides. The sun protection agents areprovided, in several embodiments, in a range of about 2% to about 40%(e.g., 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, and ranges in between) %m/m, % m/v, or % v/v in the formulation. In many embodiments, thepercentages provided are % m/m or % w/w. In some embodiments, theformulations comprise 5-15% zinc oxide and 10-15% titanium dioxide. Theterms sun protection agents, sunscreens and sunblocks can be usedinterchangeably herein. Although physical sunscreens are used in manyembodiments, chemical sunscreens may also be used.

In some embodiments, the formulation comprises or consists essentiallyof one or more anti-melanin agents (such as tyrosine inhibitors), one ormore anti-inflammatory agents, and one or more sun protection agents andat least one of the following ingredients: a skin conditioning agent, asolvent, a silicone, an emollient, a preservative, a thickener, anantioxidant, and an excipient. Optional colorants and fragrances mayadditionally be included. Agents to adjust or balance pH may also beincluded.

According to several embodiments, a formulation for reducinghyperpigmentation is provided, said formulation comprising or consistingessentially of: one or more anti-melanin agents in an amount sufficientto reduce the synthesis of melanin; one or more anti-inflammatory agentsin an amount sufficient to inhibit an inflammatory mediator involved inincreasing melanin; and one or more agents that at least partially blockultraviolet rays. Optionally, one or more keratolytic agents in anamount sufficient to at last partially dissolve or soften the keratin isalso included. In some embodiments, the ingredients act onhyperpigmentation through a different (but perhaps related) pathway andenhance the effectiveness of the formulation as a whole.

The topical formulation, in some embodiments, comprises or consistsessentially of the following ingredients: about 0.05-5% (e.g., about0.5-3%) vitamin E compound, 0.005-5% (e.g., about 0.03-3%) Rheumrhaponticum extract (e.g., acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract) andabout 0.005-5% (e.g., about 0.03-3%) asteraceae extract (e.g., Bidenspilosa extract). In addition, some or all of the following ingredientsmay be included: about 1-25% (e.g., about 5-30%) sunscreen and about0.5-10% (e.g., about 1-5%) Thermus thermophillus ferment. In addition,in some embodiments, at least one of the following ingredients isincluded: about 40-70% (e.g., about 50-65%) of a skin conditioningagent, about 5-20% (e.g., about 5-15%) of a solvent, such as water,about 0.5-15% (e.g., about 1-6%) of a water-resistant agent/film formingagent. Emollients, humectants, preservatives, thickeners, binders,colorants, stabilizers, anti-foaming agents, and/or fragrances mayadditionally be included in the range of about 0.1-25%. In manyembodiments, the percentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof several or all of the following agents (or their respectivederivatives, esters, acids, salts, and alcohols): one or more oxides ordioxides (e.g., titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and/or iron oxide), one ormore silicon/siloxane/silicone-based compounds (e.g.,cyclopentasiloxane, dimethicone, dimethicone crosspolymer,trimethylsiloxysilicate, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer,dimethiconol, and/or triethoxycaprylylsilane), one or more solvents(e.g., water), one or more triglycerides (e.g., caprylic/caprictriglycerides), one or more bacterial, plant and/or fruit extracts(e.g., Thermus thermophillus ferment, Rheum rhaponticum extract such asacetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract, grapefruit seed extract, asterplant extract such as Bidens pilosa extract, and/or Vanilla planifoliafruit extract), one or more vitamin-based compounds such as panthenol,vitamin-E or vitamin-C based compounds (e.g., disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, tocopherol, tocotrienols,vitamin E, ascorbic acid, panthenol, and/or panthenyl triacetate), oneor more oils (e.g., Fusanus spicata wood oil, Elaeis guineensis oil,Gossypium herbaceum seed oil, Linum usitatissimum seed oil), and one ormore glycerin-based compounds (e.g., glycerin and/or glycerylisostearate). Additionally, emulsifiers, surfactants and preservativescan be included (e.g., polyhydroxystearic acid, phenoxyethanol,potassium sorbate, dehydroacetic acid, and/or benzoic acid). Filmformers may be used (such as acrylates, including acrylates/C12-22 alkylmethacrylate copolymer). Isocetyl stearoyl stearate may be used in someembodiments as a skin conditioning agent. Propylene or pentylene glycol(or other glycol) may be included as, for example, a humectant and/orsolvent. Thickeners such as cellulose compounds (e.g. methylcellulose)may be included. Ascorbic acid may function as a pH adjuster in someembodiments.

Although preservatives are provided in certain embodiments, theformulations described herein can be manufactured with reduced or nosynthetic preservatives. In some embodiments, the formulations are freeof one or more of the following: parabens, phthalates, sulfates, mineraloil, gluten, allergens, and irritants.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises or consistsessentially of Titanium Dioxide, Zinc Oxide, Cyclopentasiloxane,Isocetyl Stearoyl Stearate, Dimethicone Crosspolymer, ThermusThermophillus Ferment, Water/Aqua/Eau, Dimethicone/Vinyl DimethiconeCrosspolymer, Disodium Lauriminodipropionate Tocopheryl Phosphates,Panthenyl Triacetate, Acetyl Rheum rhaponticum Root Extract, Bidenspilosa Extract, Elaeis guineensis (Palm) Oil, Gossypium herbaceum(Cotton) Seed Oil, Linum usitatissimum (Linseed) Seed Oil, Tocopherol,Dimethiconol, Citrus paradisi Seed Extract, Glycerin, Dimethicone,Fusanus spicatus Wood Oil, Vanilla planifolia Fruit Extract, AscorbicAcid, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Propylene Glycol (or pentyleneglycol or other glycol), Triethoxycaprylylsilane, Acrylates/C12-22 AlkylMethacrylate Copolymer, Phenoxyethanol, Benzoic Acid, DehydroaceticAcid, Potassium Sorbate, and Iron Oxides (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).Methylparaben may optionally be included, although in severalembodiments, the formulation is free of methylparaben and/or otherparabens. Farnesol may optionally be included, although in severalembodiments, the formulation is free of farnesol, or fragrance, free.

The use of agents, ingredients and compounds may be used interchangeablyherein. Reference to the term “based” includes the recited agent,ingredient or compounds. For example, a panthenol-based compoundincludes panthenol itself. The terms composition and formulation can beused interchangeably. Where percentages are provided for agents,ingredients and compounds, they can be % m/m, % m/v or % v/v withrespect to the formulation as a whole, unless otherwise indicated.

The agents, ingredients and compounds described herein may be modifiednatural substances (e.g., isolates, extracts, purified, processed,chemically modified, etc.) or synthetic substances. Methods of usingunique combinations of natural substances are also provided.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises a method of treatingskin using any one of the formulations described above or below. The useof any of the formulations described herein for treating skin (e.g.,reducing hyperpigmentation) and/or improving skin appearance is providedin several embodiments. Several embodiments also include instructing themethod or use of the formulation (e.g., via instructions for use).

As described above, several embodiments of the present invention relateto unique skin care formulations for treating and protecting skin. Theformulations described herein can be beneficial for both healthy anddamaged skin. In several embodiments, use of the formulations describedherein provides one or more of the following advantages: (i) reductionin the appearance of redness, (ii) reduction in hyperpigmentation (e.g.,reduction in age spots, discolored scar tissue, birthmarks, or otherdiscoloration), (iii) skin looks and feels smoother; (iv) increasedfirmness, (v) increased hydration, (vi) improved skin tone and texture(e.g., increased evenness), (vii) clearer complexion, (viii) improvedradiance, (ix) fine lines, pores, and wrinkles appear less visible, (x)improved overall appearance of skin, (xi) reinforcement of the skin'snatural defenses, and (xii) improved epidermal structural integrity.Advantageously, in several embodiments, these improvements are obtainedwith formulations that are gentle and non-irritating, with no or littleerythema, edema, dryness, peeling, itching, stinging, tingling, orburning sensation. Because undesired effects are nominal or nonexistent,the formulation fosters regular use by a subject, which enables longerterm improvements in skin characteristics.

The formulations described herein can provide both short-term andlong-term benefits according to several embodiments. Beneficial effectsfrom use of the formulations described herein occur upon use, withinhours of use, within 1-2 days, 3-4 days, about 7 days, about 14 days, orwithin about 3 weeks. In several embodiments, the skin characteristicscontinue to improve over about 2-4 weeks, about 4-6 weeks, about 6-10weeks, or about 12-16 weeks of use.

Several embodiments of the invention comprise a formulation forprotecting against UV damage and reinforcing the skin's naturaldefenses. In some embodiments, the formulation is in a liquid, gel orpowder form. The formulations described herein can be applied prior toor after foundation or other make-up. In some embodiments, theformulation is colorless; however, in other embodiments, the formulationcontains sufficient color to serve as foundation or cover-up. In someembodiments, the pH of the formulations is slightly basic, slightlyacidic or neutral. In some embodiments, a pH of 3-5, 4-6, 5-7, 6-8, orranges in between, are provided. Lower or higher pH values may also beused.

The formulations described herein have one or more of the followinguses: primer, moisturizer, sunscreen, setting mist, and color (cover-up,coverage, or foundation). The unique aspects of many of the formulationsdescribed herein provide a multi-functional product that blends skincare and sun care, and offers a high SPF primer, color coverage, skinnourishment, anti-oxidants and a lightening effect (e.g., through areduction of discoloration or pigmentation).

According to several embodiments, the formulations described herein canbe applied by hand, by sponge, by spraying, by applicator, by brush, orthrough use of a composition-impregnated wipe or tissue. In someembodiments, the formulations are absorbent (e.g., readily absorbable)such that no separate means are needed to enhance absorption. However,in some embodiments, low frequency ultrasound, massage, application ofan electrical field, mechanical manipulation or vibration may be used tofacilitate absorption. In some embodiments, the formulation is usefulpost-surgery or dermatological treatment, where, for example,discoloration, may be an issue. Several topical formulations hereindescribed can penetrate top layers of the skin. Further, some of theformulations described herein may be suitable for use for applicationunder one or more skin layers (e.g., as an injectable).

The invention, according to several embodiments, comprises a topicalformulation (such as an SPF liquid primer) for treating skin thatincludes Rheum rhaponticum and asteraceae. In one embodiment, the Rheumrhaponticum comprises acetyl Rheum rhaponticum extract, extracted fromthe leaf, root, flower or other part of the plant. In one embodiment,the asteraceae comprises Bidens pilosa extract from the leaf, root,flower or other part of the plant. Rheum rhaponticum and Bidens pilosaare unrelated compounds that Applicant believes have unexpectedsynergistic effects in combination to reduce hyperpigmentation orotherwise treat skin. In addition to extracts of Rheum rhaponticum andBidens pilosa, both vitamin E compounds and sunscreen are included insome embodiments. Vitamin E compounds, again unrelated to Rheumrhaponticum and Bidens pilosa, are believed to contributesynergistically with Rheum rhaponticum and Bidens pilosa for thetreatment of skin, including the reduction of hyperpigmentation. Forexample, the synergistic combination of Rheum rhaponticum, Bidens pilosaand an anti-inflammatory agent (such as a Vitamin E compound) in someembodiments, decreases melanin synthesis, decreases accumulation ofmelanin in keratinocytes, and reduces inflammation and redness. Further,in some embodiments, the combination of an anti-melanin agent, such as atyrosinase inhibitor, and Vitamin E compounds or other anti-inflammatoryagents synergistically decreases melanin synthesis, decreasesaccumulation of melanin in keratinocytes, and reduces inflammation andredness. In some embodiments, the Rheum rhaponticum and the Bidenspilosa are provided in the range of about 0.0005-10% and the vitamin Eis provided in the range of about 0.05-10%. Sunscreen may be provided inthe range of about 1-35%. Sunscreen provides an additional benefit byshielding the regions of hyperpigmentation from further pigmentationduring the treatment process, thus facilitating the therapeutic benefitsof the formulation. Further, sunscreen reduces the incidence of futurehyperpigmentation and damage. In some embodiments, Thermus thermophillus(e.g., Thermus thermophillus ferment) is included with extracts of Rheumrhaponticum and Bidens pilosa and optionally Vitamin E compounds,sunscreen, and other ingredients. The Thermus thermophillus, which isunrelated to Rheum rhaponticum, Bidens pilosa and vitamin E, is believedto provide further synergistic benefits to the combination of Rheumrhaponticum and Bidens pilosa (and optionally Vitamin E compounds). Forexample, Thermus thermophillus, in some embodiments, acts as anantioxidant that is activated by heat and/or light thereby protectingagainst UV damage, which in turns preserves and reinforces the skin'snatural defenses and improves epidermal structural integrity. Thermusthermophillus may also work as an anti-oxidant to supplement the vitaminE compound's ability to reduce inflammation, thereby reducing the effectof inflammation on increased pigmentation (e.g., through inflammatorymediators). To Applicant's knowledge, several combinations ofingredients disclosed herein represent unique formulations that are notnaturally occurring (e.g., not found in nature in such combination).Moreover, in several embodiments, the individual ingredients aremodified so as to be structurally and/or functionally different than thenaturally-occurring species, thereby resulting in markedly uniqueeffects.

In addition, in some embodiments, at least one of the followingingredients is included: a skin conditioning agent, a solvent, asilicone, an emollient, a preservative, a thickener, an antioxidant, ananti-inflammatory agent, and an excipient. Colorants and fragrances mayadditionally be included. In some embodiments, the formulation furtherincludes one or more of the following: amino acids, peptides,phospholipids, additional vitamins, growth factors, and additionalanti-aging compounds. Surfactants, gelling agents, and pH balancers mayalso be included.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises a combination ofvarious combination groups and individual ingredients. In someembodiments, the formulation comprises, consists essentially of orconsists of several or all of the following groups of ingredients (or incertain cases of water and sandalwood, single ingredients):

TABLE 4 Group Agent/Ingredient 4.1 cyclopentasiloxane, dimethiconecrosspolymer, dimethicone/ vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, anddimethiconol; 4.2 zinc oxide and triethoxycaprylylsilane; or zinc oxide,caprylic/ capric triglyceride, glyceryl isostearate, and polyhydroxystearic acid; 4.3 isocetyl stearoyl stearate or distilled water; 4.4acrylates/C12-22 alkyl methacrylate copolymer, water, and a glycol (suchas propylene or pentylene glycol); or cyclopentasiloxane andtrimethylsiloxysilicate; 4.5 thermus thermophillus ferment, glycerin,phenoxyethanol, and potassium sorbate; 4.6 titanium dioxide anddimethicone; 4.7 disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates,water, phenoxyethanol, dehydroacetic acid, and benzoic acid; 4.8panthenyl triacetate and acetyl rheum rhaponticum root extract 4.9bidens pilosa extract, elaeis guineensis (palm) oil, gossypium herbaceum(cotton) seed oil, linum usitatissimum (linseed) seed oil, tocopherol;4.10 grapefruit seed extract, glycerin, ascorbic acid 4.11 iron oxides(CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499) and triethoxycaprylylsilane; 4.12santalum spicatum (sandalwood); 4.13 caprylic/capric triglyceride andvanilla planifolia fruit extract

In several embodiments, effective (e.g., therapeutic) amounts of activeingredients are provided in the formulation. In many embodiments, thepercentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In one embodiment, group (4.1) above is provided in a range of about30-80% (e.g., 30%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and ranges in between) of thetotal formulation, with individual ranges (with respect to percentageamount vis-á-vis the select group of the following ingredients) asfollows: siloxanes such as cyclopentasiloxane (about 30%, 45%, 50%, 70%,75% 80%, 82%, 85%, 90%, and ranges in between), dimethicone crosspolymer(about 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 20%, and ranges in between),dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer (about 1%, 2%, 3%, 6%, 10%,and ranges in between) and dimethiconol (about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%,and ranges in between). By way of example, if cyclopentasiloxane isprovided at 80% vis-á-vis the select group of compounds listed in group(4.1), and group (4.1) is provided as 60% of the total formulation, thencyclopentasiloxane will be present as 48% of the total formulation. Inseveral embodiments, group (4.1) can further include or be substitutedwith elastomers, such as high molecular weight silicone elastomers,decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, phenyl silicons, alkylmethylsiloxanes,polydimethylsiloxanes, cross-linked silicone elastomer dispersions,hexamethyldisolixane, cyclomethicone, and trimethylsilyamodimethicone,and combinations thereof. In several embodiments, group (1) can be a geland be used in conditioning the skin, as well as for sebum absorption.

In one embodiment, group (4.2) and group (4.6) above are provided in arange of about 3-20% (e.g., 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and ranges inbetween) of the total formulation for group (4.2) and 0.5-25% (e.g.,0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and ranges in between) of thetotal formulation for group (4.6). Individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) can be as follows for group (4.2): zinc oxide (about 20%,30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and ranges in between), caprylic/caprictriglyceride (about 20%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, and ranges inbetween), glyceryl isostearate (about 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and ranges inbetween) and polyhydroxy stearic acid (about 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, andranges in between). Alternatively, zinc oxide andtriethoxycaprylylsilane are used instead. These two ingredients are usedin the following amounts in several embodiments: zinc oxide (about 2%,4%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 20%, and ranges in between) andtriethoxycaprylylsilane (about 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and rangesin between). Individual ranges (with respect to percentage amountvis-á-vis the select group of the following ingredients) can be asfollows for group (4.6): titanium dioxide (50, 60, 70, 80, 95, 96, 97,98, 99%, and ranges in between) and dimethicone (about 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%,8%, and ranges in between). According to several embodiments, zinc andtitanium dioxide are used for UV absorption. Micronized and/or nanoscalezinc oxide together with titanium dioxide can be used and can providestrong protection against ultraviolet radiation and can be used insunscreen, sunblock, tanning, and sun tanning lotions, creams, gels, andliquids according to several embodiments. Titanium dioxide can also beused herein as a pigment, sunscreen, sunblock and a thickener. Otheringredients that can be used in addition to or as a substitute for theingredients in group (4.2) or (4.6) include but are not limited to,4-methylbenzylidene camphor (Enzacamene, Parsol 5000, Eusolex 6300,MBC), Tinosorb M (bisoctrizole, methylene bis-benzotriazolyltetramethylbutylphenol, MBBT), Tinosorb S (Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenolmethoxyphenol triazine, bemotrizinol, BEMT, anisotriazine), Meroyl XL,(drometrizole trisiloxane), Benzophenone-9 (Uvinul DS 49, CAS 3121-60-6,Sodium Dihydroxy Dimethoxy Disulfobenzophenone), Uvinul T 150 (Octyltriazone, ethylhexyl triazone, EHT), Uvinul A Plus (DiethylaminoHydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate), Uvasorb HEB (Iscotrizinol, Diethylhexylbutamido triazone, DBT), Parsol SLX (Dimethicodiethylbenzalmalonate,Polysilicone-15), and Isopentenyl-4-methoxycinnamate (Isoamylp-Methoxycinnamate, IMC, Neo Heliopan E1000, Amiloxate). In someembodiments, the formulations comprise 5-15% zinc oxide and 10-15%titanium dioxide.

In one embodiment, ingredient (4.3) above, water (e.g., distilledwater), is provided in a range of about 1-20% (e.g., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,10%, 12%, 15%, 20%, and ranges in between) of the total formulation.Alternatively, isocetyl stearoyl stearate is used instead or in additionto water in a range of about 5-20% (e.g., 5%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 20%, andranges in between).

In one embodiment, group (4.4) above is provided in a range of about0.5-10% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%,10%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: cyclopentasiloxane (about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%,60%, 70%, and ranges in between) and trimethylsiloxysilicate (about 20%,30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and ranges in between). Alternatively, group(4.4) above is provided in a range of about 0.5-10% of the totalformulation (e.g., 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 10%, and ranges inbetween), with individual ranges (with respect to percentage amountvis-á-vis the select group of the following ingredients) as follows:acrylates/C12-22 alkyl methacrylate copolymer (about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%,60%, 70%, and ranges in between), water (about 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,70%, and ranges in between), and a glycol, such as propylene orpentylene glycol (about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, group (4.5) above is provided in a range of about0.5-10% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%,10%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: Thermus thermophillus, such a Thermusthermophillus ferment, (about 80%, 85%, 90%, 94%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%),glycerin (about 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 10%, and ranges in between),phenoxyethanol (about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and ranges in between),and potassium sorbate (about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 5%, and ranges inbetween). Thermus thermophillus can, according to several embodiments,function as an antioxidant activated by heat and light, to protectagainst UV damage, to preserve and reinforces the skin's naturaldefenses, and to improve epidermal structural integrity. Thermusthermophillus ferment is a product of the fermentation of Thermusthermophillus and is one non-limiting example of the Thermus genus thancan be used herein. Other species include but are not limited to T.antranikianii, T. aquaticus, T. brockianus, T. caldophilus, T.filiformis, T. igniterrae, T. kawarayuensis, T. nonproteolyticus, T.oshimai, T. rehai, T. scotoductus, T. yunnanensi, and T. manikaranii.Fermented or non-fermented alternatives can be used.

In one embodiment, group (4.7) above is provided in a range of about0.1-10% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,10%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopherylphosphates (about 20%, 40%, 60%, and ranges in between), water (about20%, 40%, 55%, 59%, 65%, 70%, 80%, and ranges in between),phenoxyethanol (about 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 2%, 4%, and ranges inbetween), dehydroacetic acid (about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 1%, 2%,4%, and ranges in between), and benzoic acid (about 0.02%, 0.12%, 0.25%,0.5%, 1%, 5%, and ranges in between). Disodium lauriminodipropionatetocopheryl phosphate serves, in several embodiments, as an antioxidantand an anti-inflammatory. In addition to, or in lieu of, disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, one or more of thefollowing is provided: vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, andbeta-carotene.

In one embodiment, group (4.8) above is provided in a range of about0.1-10% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,10%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: panthenyl triacetate (about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%,99%, and ranges in between) and acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract(about 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and ranges in between).Panthenyl triacetate is an ingredient that, according to severalembodiments, is used as an anti-irritant and an anti-inflammatory. It isa stable oil-soluble derivative of pantothenic acid and a member of thevitamin B complex. In several embodiments, this vitamin has soothing andanti-irritating properties on the skin, stimulates the cellproliferation and contributes to biological processes in skinmetabolism. Pantothenic acid is a key molecule in Coenzyme A, anactivator for many metabolic processes, and includes metabolic processesin the skin. Because of its lipophilic character, pantothenic acid isused herein in some embodiments to facilitate penetration of theformulation into the skin (e.g., via the sebaceous glands). In additionto, or in lieu of, panthenyl triacetate, other compounds related topanthenol may be used. Acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract is onenon-limiting example of Rheum rhaponticum that can be used herein todecrease melanin synthesis in melanocytes and its accumulation inkeratinocytes.

In one embodiment, group (4.9) above is provided in a range of about0.1-10% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,10%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: Bidens pilosa extract (about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and ranges in between), Elaeis guineensis (palm) oil(about 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, and ranges in between),Gossypium herbaceum (cotton) seed oil (about 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 15%,20%, 30%, and ranges in between), Linum usitatissimum (linseed) seedoil, (about 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, and ranges in between),and tocopherol (about 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, and ranges inbetween). Other species/sub-species of Elaeis, Gossypium and Linum canalso be used. Other botanical oils may be use in addition to or in lieuof the oils identified herein, including but not limited to coconut oil,walnut oil, avocado oil, castor oil, almond oil, grapeseed oil, oliveoil, etc., and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, group (4.10) above is provided in a range of about0.01-5% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.01% 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%,3%, 4%, 5%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respectto percentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: grapefruit seed extract such as Citrus paradisiextract (about 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%), glycerin (about 75%, 80%, 85%, 87%,90%, 95%, and ranges in between), ascorbic acid (about 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%,10%, 15%, 20%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, (4.11) above is provided in a range of about 0.01-5%of the total formulation (e.g., 0.01% 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%,5%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: iron oxides (about 90%, 95% 98%, 100%, andranges in between) (CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499) andtriethoxycaprylylsilane (about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and ranges inbetween);

In one embodiment, ingredient (4.12) above, Santalum spicatum(sandalwood), is provided in a range of about 0.001-3% (e.g., 0.001%,0.01% 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3% and ranges in between) of thetotal formulation. In several embodiments described herein, theformulation comprises sandalwood oil. Sandalwood oil is an essential oilthat can be obtained, for example, from the steam distillation of chipsand billets cut from the heartwood of the sandalwood tree. In severalembodiments, sandalwood oil is used for skin conditioning. Santalumspicatum is one non-limiting example of sandalwood that may be used;other species of sandalwood can also be used. A combination of Fusanusspicatus wood oil and farnesol are used in several embodiments.

In one embodiment, group (4.13) above is provided in a range of about0.001-3% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.001%, 0.01% 0.1%, 0.5%,0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (withrespect to percentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: caprylic/capric triglyceride (about 70%, 80%,90%, 95%, and ranges in between) and Vanilla planifolia fruit extract(about 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, and ranges in between). Vanilla extract,such as Vanilla planifolia fruit extract, can be used herein to give theformulations a pleasant fragrance and is one non-limiting example of afragrance. Other fragrances can also be used, including lavender, lemon,orange, gardenia, jasmine, mint, and other flower and fruit extracts.Fragrance-free alternatives are also used herein.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises or consists essentially ofsome or all of the following agents in the percentage ranges (vis-á-visthe formulation as a whole) provided:

TABLE 5 Approximate % Amount in Agent/Ingredient Formulation Siloxane(e.g., Cyclopentasiloxane) 3-65% (e.g., 30-60%) Titanium Dioxide   5-20% Isocetyl Stearoyl Stearate    5-20% Zinc Oxide    2-15%Dimethicone Crosspolymer    2-10% Thermus Thermophillus Ferment   1-5%Water/Aqua/Eau   1-5% Dimethicone/Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer  0.5-5%Iron Oxides  0.5-5% Panthenyl Triacetate  0.1-5% Acrylates/C12-22 AlkylMethacrylate Copolymer  0.1-5% Vitamin E Compound (e.g., Disodium 0.1-5% Lauriminodipropionate Tocopheryl Phosphates) Dimethiconol 0.1-5% Glycerin 0.05-5% Dimethicone 0.05-5% Elaeis Guineensis (Palm)Oil 0.05-5% Gossypium Herbaceum (Cotton) Seed Oil 0.05-5% CitrusParadisi (Grapefruit) Seed Extract 0.05-5% Triethoxycaprylylsilane0.05-5% Bidens Pilosa Extract 0.05-5% Linum Usitatissimum (Linseed) SeedOil 0.05-5% Fusanus Spicatus Wood Oil, Farnesol 0.05-5% Ascorbic Acid0.05-5% Glycol (e.g., Pentylene or Propylene Glycol) 0.05-5%Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride 0.05-5% Phenoxyethanol 0.01-5% RheumRhaponticum (e.g., Acetyl Rheum 0.005-5%  Rhaponticum Root Extract)Vanilla Extract (e.g., Vanilla Planifolia 0.001-5%  Fruit Extract)Potassium Sorbate 0.0005-5%  Benzoic Acid 0.0005-5%  Dehydroacetic Acid0.0005-5%  Tocopherol 0.0001-5% 

In many embodiments, the percentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In some embodiments, the groups of ingredients may be obtained as DubSSIC, Dow 9546 or 9548 Elastomer Blend, or Zano 10 Plus, Allianz OPT orparaben-free Alllianz OPT c5G, Venuceane, Tcote 031, Vital ET, UnilucentPA-13, Revinage, P-50 Liquid, Unipure Red, Yellow and Black, and VanillaExtract K5035. In alternate embodiments, SolTerra Boost, Zinclear IM50CCT, and/or Dow 749 Fluid may be optionally used.

In one embodiment, a thickener is provided in a range of about 0.1-10%of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, andranges in between). The thickener can optionally include methycellulosein alternate embodiments.

In several embodiments, the formulation can have an SPF between 5 SPFand 100 SPF. In some embodiments, the topical composition can have anSPF of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and rangesin between. Greater SPF values may also be used in some embodiments. Aphysical sunscreen with an SPF of 50 is provided in several embodiments.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises a stabilizer,suspending agent and/or thickener. Dimethicone crosspolymer is a siliconderivative that can be used herein as a stabilizing or a suspendingagent or a thickener. Types of dimethicone crosspolymers that can beused as a stabilizing agent, suspending agent or a thickener include,but are not limited to, silicone CS-1600, which is a mixture betweendimethicone crosspolymer and cyclopentasloxane, dimethicone crosspolymer3, dimethycone crosspolymer PEG-8, cetyl dimethicone/dimethicone crosspolymer, and dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, andcombinations thereof.

Glyceryl isostearate is a type of glyceryl monoester that can be usedherein. Glyceryl isostearate can be used as a skin conditioning agentand an emollient. In several embodiments described herein, the topicalcomposition can comprise an emollient. In several embodiments describedherein, the topical composition can comprise a skin conditioning agent.In several embodiments described herein, the topical composition cancomprise a glyceryl monoester. Glyceryl monoesters that can be used inskin care and treatment can also include, but are not limited to,glyceryl laurate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl laurate/oleate, glyceryladipate, glyceryl alginate, glyceryl arachidate, glyceryl behenate,glyceryl caprate, glyceryl caprylate, glyceryl caprylate/caprate,glyceryl citrate/lactate/linoleate/oleate, glyceryl cocoate, glycerylcollagenate, glyceryl erucate, glyceryl hydrogenated rosinate, glycerylhydrogenated soyate, glyceryl hydroxystearate, glyceryl isopalmitate,glyceryl isostearate, glyceryl isostearate/myristate, glycerylisostearates, glyceryl lanolate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryllinolenate, glyceryl montanate, glyceryl myristate, glycerylisotridecanoate/stearate/adipate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryloleate/elaidate, glyceryl palmitate, glyceryl palmitate/stearate,glyceryl palmitoleate, gyceryl pentadecanoate, glyceryl polyacrylate,glyceryl rosinate, glyceryl sesquioleate, glyceryl/sorbitololeate/hydroxystearate, glyceryl stearate/acetate, glycerylstearate/maleate, glyceryl tallowate, glyceryl thiopropionate, andglyceryl undecylenate.

Polyhydroxystearic acid is a suspending agent and an emulsifier that isused to stabilize products. It can be used herein to suspend SPFprotection components in lotions, liquids and gels.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane is a cyclopentasiloxane, a silicone fluidthat can be used herein. It can work as an emollient for the skin.Trimethylsiloxysilicate can be used for an antifoaming agent, anemollient, and/or for conditioning the skin. In some embodiments,trimethylsiloxysilicate is a cross-linked silicone resin withfilm-forming attributes. It can hold pigments in place while providingwater-resistance in some embodiments. In some formulations herein, itprovides a long-lasting effect. In several embodiments,trimethylsiloxysilicate may reduce the number of times the formulationneeds to be applied. Trimethylsiloxysilicate is a siloxane polymer.Other examples of siloxane polymers that can be used herein includesilica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate, andtrifluoropropyldimethyl/trimethylsioxysicate. In some embodiments, theyare insoluble in water and used for film forming, wear and waterresistance. In several embodiments described herein, the formulationcomprises a siloxane polymer.

Glycerin is also known as glycerol, or glycerine. It is a viscous liquidused in pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic formulations. Glycerincomprises a glycerol backbone, and is central to all lipids and commonlyknown as a triglyceride. Several types of triglycerides can be usedherein. These can be for example, caprylic/capric triglycerides,triglycerides with C10-C18 fatty acid chains, and triglycerides withC18-C36 fatty acid chains. Fatty acids can include for example,naturally occurring fatty acids which can vary in chain length from 6 to24 carbon atoms, and can include both saturated and unsaturated fattyacids containing one or more double bonds, and other fatty acids thatare known to those skilled in the art. Triglycerides are used herein insome embodiments as an emollient for the skin.

In several embodiments described herein, the topical formulationcomprises Bidens pilosa extract to beneficially affect melanintransport. In other embodiments, this extract can help improve skinradiance and texture by, for example, encouraging cell turnover and mayhave retinoid-like activity. Bidens pilosa extract can be combined withvarious oils and tocopherol in several embodiments. For example, Elaeisguineensis (palm) oil comes from a palm species. This vegetableexcipient can be used as a skin conditioning agent and as an emollient.Gossypium herbaceum (cotton) seed oil is a vegetable excipient.Cottonseed oil and ingredients made from cottonseed oil can be usedherein as excipients with emollient properties. Linum usitatissimum(linseed) seed oil also known as flaxseed oil can be obtained from thedried, ripened seeds of the flax plant and can function as an excipientand/or a skin-conditioning agent herein. Tocopherol is a vitamin Ecompound, with benefits described herein.

Bidens pilosa extract combined with acetyl Rheum rhaponticum rootextract work synergistically in several embodiments to enhance theanti-melanin effects. In some embodiments, the ratio of Bidens pilosaand a Rheum rhaponticum extract is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, 1:25,and ranges in between. In some embodiments, the ratio of the Rheumrhaponticum extract and Bidens pilosa is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10,1:25, and ranges in between. The two agents when combined worksynergistically as anti-melanin agents, and further when combined withvitamin E compounds, provide enhanced synergy with the anti-inflammatoryeffects. Additionally, when combined with a high SPF (such as SPF 30, 50or more), the formulations' effects on lightening skin are furtherpronounced. In some embodiments, the ratio of vitamin E compounds (orother anti-inflammatory agents) to the anti-melanin agent(s) is 1:1,2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 10:1, 25:1, and ranges in between.

As described herein, anti-inflammatory agents other than vitamin Ecompounds can be used in addition to, or in lieu of, vitamin Ecompounds. Anti-inflammatory agents are used, in some embodiments, toinhibit the inflammatory pathway that can affect melanin. For example,during the inflammatory process in the epidermal layer, inflammatorymediators (such as cytokines, chemokines, prostanoids such asprostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, etc.) may be released. Theinflammatory mediators, in turn, may stimulate melanocytes to affect theproduction, sequestering, and/or processing of melanin in a manner thatcontributes to hyperpigmentation. An anti-inflammatory agent, as usedherein in several embodiments, interrupts (e.g., or otherwise inhibits)this pathway, which in turn helps to reduce hyperpigmentation. In someembodiments, the balancing of inflammation and inflammatory pathways isaccomplished.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof cyclopentasiloxane, isocetyl stearoyl stearate, dimethiconecrosspolymer, Thermus thermophillus ferment, water/aqua/eau,dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, panthenyl triacetate,acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract, dimethiconol, Citrus paradisiseed extract, glycerin, dimethicone, Fusanus spicatus wood oil, Vanillaplanifolia fruit extract, caprylic/capric triglyceride, Elaeisguineensis (palm) oil, Bidens pilosa extract, Gossypium herbaceum(cotton) seed oil, Linum usitatissimum (linseed) seed oil, tocopherol, aglycol (such as propylene or pentylene glycol), acrylates/C12-22 alkylmethacrylate copolymer, ascorbic acid, phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid,dehydroacetic acid, potassium sorbate, triethoxycaprylylsilane,farnesol, and iron oxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof cyclopentasiloxane, isocetyl stearoyl stearate, dimethiconecrosspolymer, Thermus thermophillus ferment, water/aqua/eau,dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, panthenyl triacetate,acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract, dimethiconol, Citrus paradisiseed extract, glycerin, dimethicone, Fusanus spicatus wood oil, Vanillaplanifolia fruit extract, caprylic/capric triglyceride, Elaeisguineensis (palm) oil, Bidens pilosa extract, Gossypium herbaceum(cotton) seed oil, Linum usitatissimum (linseed) seed oil, tocopherol, aglycol (such as propylene or pentylene glycol), acrylates/C12-22 alkylmethacrylate copolymer, ascorbic acid, phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid,dehydroacetic acid, potassium sorbate, triethoxycaprylylsilane,farnesol, titanium dioxide (CI 77891), zinc oxide (CI 77947), ironoxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cyclopentasiloxane, water (aqua),dimethicone crosspolymer, caprylic/capric triglycerides,trimethylsiloxysilicate, Thermus thermophillus ferment,dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, methycellulose, panthenyltriacetate, acetyl Rheum rhaponticum root extract, disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, grapefruit seed extract,Bidens pilosa extract, Fusanus spicata wood oil, Elaeis guineensis(palm) oil, tocopherol, Gossypium herbaceum (cotton) seed oil, Linumusitatissimum (linseed) seed oil, glycerin, glyceryl isostearate,dimethiconol, triethoxycaprylylsilane, ascorbic acid, Vanilla planifoliafruit extract, dimethicone, polyhydroxy stearic acid, phenoxyethanol,potassium sorbate, dehydroacetic acid, benzoic acid, and iron oxides(e.g., CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77499).

The topical formulations described herein may be used as a primer. Inaddition, according to several embodiments, the formulations may befoundation, blush, lip color, eye color, lotions, creams, serums, gels,cleansing formulations, eye creams, sunscreens, bronzers, powders, nailcare, hair care, and other cosmetics and skin care products.

According to several embodiments, the ingredients may be delivered in asingle formulation or separately. For example, the anti-melanin agentand the anti-inflammatory agent and sunscreen can be in a singleformulation. Alternatively, the ingredients or groups of ingredients maybe provided in separate compositions. For example, the anti-melaninagent(s) and the anti-inflammatory agent(s) may be in one formulationand the sunscreen in another. The topical formulations are, according toseveral embodiments, applied once a day, twice a day, or every otherday. Greater frequencies may also be used. Lesser frequencies may alsobe used, for example in maintenance phase after the desired effects havebeen achieved. Multi-chamber dispensers can be used in some embodiments.In several embodiments, a kit comprising a formulation and one or moreskin care or cosmetic products is provided. In one embodiment, the kitcomprises the anti-melanin and anti-inflammatory agents in one unit andthe sunscreen separately. In one embodiment, the kit comprises theanti-melanin and anti-inflammatory agents in one formulation and,optionally, a separate keratolytic. Applicators (brushes, sticks,sponges, etc.) may be provided to apply the formulations describedherein, and may also be included in a kit. The kit can comprise one ormore of the formulations described herein in varying strengths (e.g., ofthe active ingredients). The kit can comprise one or more of theformulations described herein as well as an addition sunscreen and/orexfoliant. In some embodiments, the formulations described herein can beapplied by transdermal patch.

In several embodiments, hyperpigmentation is reduced by 10-100% afteruse. For example, significant lightening effects and improvements inpore size, fine lines, overall appearance, radiance, skin smoothness,and/or skin tone (evenness) are visible in several embodiments after 4weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. Certain improvements in skin may be visibleor felt upon use or within days of use. Although specific regions ofhyperpigmentation are treated according to several embodiments, anoverall lightening or brightening effect can also be achieved on skinthat has no identifiable regions of hyperpigmentation.

Several embodiments of the formulations are particularly advantageousbecause they provide coverage (e.g., color, camouflage) in a formulationthat goes on smoothly and is not chalky or sticky. This is helpful tocover areas of hyperpigmentation while the formulation is simultaneouslyworking to reduce said hyperpigmentation. This is also helpful tominimize the number of products a user applies to his/her face (or body)because it reduces the need for a separate foundation.

Several embodiments of the formulations are water resistant. In oneembodiment, the formulation is water resistant, e.g., with respect toSPF, for up to 30, 40, 60 and 120 minutes. Long-wear formulations areprovided in several embodiments.

The formulations, according to several embodiments, are especiallyeffective because they offer a multi-modal approach to reduction ofhyperpigmentation. The combination of the anti-melanin agent with theanti-inflammatory and sunscreen provides a multi-modal approach thataddresses discoloration via multiple pathways and results in thecreation of a unique and effective formulation. In several embodiments,the anti-inflammatory agents, by acting through a pathway that involvesinflammation's role in hyperpigmentation, are particularly effectivewhen combined with the anti-melanin agents.

In some embodiments, one or more keratolytic agents may be optionallyincluded. For example, one embodiment comprises or consists essentiallyof one or more keratolytic agents, one or more anti-melanin agents (suchas tyrosine inhibitors), one or more anti-inflammatory agents, and oneor more sun protection agents. The keratolytic agent(s), anti-melaninagent(s) (such as tyrosine inhibitors), and anti-inflammatory agent(s)(such as vitamin E compounds) work synergistically together in manyembodiments to counter undesired pigmentation. The keratolytic agentsused herein can, in one embodiment, break down the keratinized outerlayer of the epidermis. Keratolytic agents may help remove or softenolder, damaged surface tissue (e.g., keratin) and promote the generationof new skin cells. In several embodiments, keratolytic agents areretinoid-like compounds (such as from a vegetable or botanical source),improve skin radiance and texture, produce a lightening effect, reducemelanin, and or restore firmness. Keratolytic agents used in theformulations described herein include but are not limited to one or moreof the following: extracts from the aster family of plants (such asasteraceae, Bidens pilosa), salicylic acid, alpha hydroxy acid, betahydroxy acid, sulfur, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, urea, lactic acid,resorcinol, allantoin, and fruit acids. In some embodiments, thekeratolytic agent includes Bidens pilosa extract, and one or all of palmoil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil and tocopherol. In some embodiments,exfoliants are used in addition to or in lieu of keratolytic agents.Exfoliants can be chemical or mechanical. The keratolytic agents areprovided, in several embodiments, in a range of about 0.005% to about10% (e.g., 0.005%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and ranges inbetween) % m/m, % m/v, or % v/v in the formulation. In some embodiments,the ratio of the keratolytic and the anti-melanin agent is 1:1, 1:2,1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, 1:25, and ranges in between. In some embodiments,the ratio of the anti-melanin agent and the keratolytic is 1:1, 1:2,1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, 1:25, and ranges in between. Although Bidens pilosamay have keratolytic properties in some aspects, several embodimentsinclude Bidens pilosa for its anti-melanin properties rather than itskeratolytic properties.

Soothing Redness Corrector Formulations

Despite the large number of skin care formulations on the market, thereremains a need for a formulation that simultaneously reduces skinredness and skin irritation in a multi-modal manner, offers significantUV protection (such as physical UVA and UVB sun protection), andprovides color correction, all in a non-irritating formulation that goeson smoothly. Because redness can correlate with inflammation andsensitivity, there is a particular need for a formulation that is bothefficacious and suitable for sensitive skin, and additionallyincorporates a broad-spectrum sunscreen, without being irritating orchalky.

Several embodiments of the present invention meet the needs recitedabove. In several embodiments, the invention comprises a unique topicalformulation with an SPF of at least 30 (e.g., 50) for neutralizingredness and soothing sensitive skin comprising niacinamide, bisabolol,tocopheryl phosphates (a vitamin E compound), Crithmum maritimumextract, Magnolia officinalis bark extract, and Zingiber officinale(ginger) root extract, magnesium carboxymethyl beta-glucan, and jojobaesters, as well as other ingredients.

In many embodiments, the reduction of inflammation through the inclusionof an anti-inflammatory agent synergistically works with the otheringredients to counter skin redness/irritation via multiple pathways toinflammation, promote skin repair and improve overall skin health. Theinflammation and irritation that is ameliorated by several embodimentsherein may have been caused by, for example, an immune response (e.g.allergy), genetics, the aging process, or environmental causes (such asUV exposure).

Several embodiments disclosed herein provide for comprehensive skin careformulations that target one or more inflammatory mediators, therebyserving as anti-redness and anti-irritants and providing soothing,healing, or otherwise soothing effects for sensitive, reddened, orotherwise irritated skin. In several embodiments, the formulationsimprove the barrier function of the skin through the protection and/orenhancement of epidermal lipids, boosts cellular respiration andrestores the water balance. Several embodiments improve the radiance ofdamaged skin, and in some embodiments also improve radiance andappearance of normal skin. In several embodiments, the formulationsprovided rebalance the skin's immune system, which leads to soothing ofirritated, itching or otherwise sensitive skin.

In some embodiments, a multi-modal approach effectively soothes theskin. In one embodiment, inflammation is reduced by at least 10-90% posttreatment with a formulation as described herein used consistently after7, 14, 21, 30, 60 or 90 days. In one embodiment, cytokines are reducedby at least 10-90% post treatment with the formulation used consistentlyafter 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 or 90 days. In one embodiment, skin irritationis reduced by at least 10-90% post treatment with the formulation usedconsistently after 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 or 90 days. In one embodiment, skinredness is reduced after 1-3 uses of the formulation by at least 10-75%.Wound healing, such as micro-wounds and abrasions, is also improved inone embodiment by at least 10-90% post treatment with the formulationused consistently after 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 or 90 days.

In some embodiments, the formulations provided herein are concentratedand provided in a mask form to be left on the skin for at least 5, 15,30, or 60 minutes (or as an overnight night repair mask) for acceleratedresults. Optionally, the mask may include ingredients such as camphor,almond extract, honey, kaolin, basil, turmeric, and/or kelp. Thenon-mask formulations may also include camphor, almond extract, honey,kaolin, basil, turmeric, and/or kelp. Gentle cleansers may also includemany of the ingredients of the formulations described herein and mayadditionally include witch hazel or other toners (for toner-typecleansers) or foaming ingredients (for washes and foaming cleansers).Concentrated spot treatments are provided in some embodiments. In oneembodiment, the amounts of the ingredients are concentrated by 10% ormore (as compared to the non-masks) and provided as a mask.

In some embodiments, visible reductions in the appearance of redness andinflammation may be observed within minutes of use of a formulation asdescribed herein, due to, for example, the color correction pigmentsand/or the anti-inflammatory activity of the ingredients. A soothing orcooling sensation may be experienced by the user upon application to theskin.

In some embodiments, the formulations for treating skin redness and/orirritation are used during or after a dermatological procedure(including but not limited to brow lifts, blepharoplasty, botulin andother neurotoxins, facials, fillers, dermabrasion, microdermabrasion,micro-needling, peels, exfoliations, suctioning, fluid delivery, acidtreatments, massage, extractions, energy-based and other treatments,such as lasers, thermal, radiofrequency, light (e.g., photofacials/IPL),etc.).

Several embodiments disclosed herein provide for a formulation fortreating skin redness and/or irritation, the formulation including aniacinamide, a Zingiber officinale extract, bisabolol (natural orsynthetic) or an asteraceae extract, a Crithmum maritimum extract, aMagnolia officinalis extract, and a Vitamin E compound. In severalembodiments, the formulation further comprises at least one sunscreenagent. In several embodiments, zinc oxide is used as a sunscreen. Insome embodiments, titanium dioxide is used. In still additionalembodiments, a combination of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide is used.In several embodiments, effective (e.g., therapeutic) amounts ofingredients are included in the formulation. An effective (e.g.,therapeutic) amount, in one embodiment, may be that which reducesredness and/or irritation after at least 1-18 months (e.g., 4-12 weeks)of twice daily use.

In several embodiments, there is provided a high SPF (sun protectionfactor) formulation for treating skin redness and irritation, theformulation comprising (i) a first skin care agent (e.g., Zingiberofficinale extract) (ii) a second skin care agent (e.g., bisabolol(natural or synthetic) or an asteraceae extract) (iii) a third skin careagent (e.g., Crithmum maritimum extract) (iv) a fourth skin care agent,wherein the fourth skin care agent additionally functions as anantimicrobial (e.g., Magnolia officinalis extract) (v) ananti-inflammatory agent (e.g., vitamin E based compound), (vi)niacinamide, and (vii) a sun protection agent comprising zinc oxideand/or titanium dioxide, wherein the formulation is a topicalformulation suitable for topical delivery. Effective amounts of theseingredients are provided in several embodiments.

In several embodiments, there is also provided a topical formulation fortreating skin redness and irritation comprising two or more ofniacinamide, a Zingiber officinale extract, bisabolol (natural orsynthetic) or an asteraceae extract, a Crithmum maritimum extract, aMagnolia officinalis extract, a Vitamin E compound, a zinc oxide; and atitanium dioxide. In one embodiment, the two or more ingredientsinteract in a multi-modal and/or synergistic manner. Effective amountsof these ingredients are provided in several embodiments.

In several embodiments, niacinamide (or a derivative thereof) is used toachieve one or more of the following benefits: reduced skin redness,reduced irritation, reduced blotchiness, reduced wrinkle appearance,increased elasticity, ceramide production, and hydration, andadditionally in some embodiments, achieves a synergistic effect whencombined with at least one of the following ingredients: bisabolol, aZingiber officinale extract, a Crithmum maritimum extract, a Magnoliaofficinalis extract and sunscreen. The synergism achieves a beneficialresult that is more efficacious than the additive effects of theingredients, according to some embodiments.

In several embodiments, such formulations provide a sun protectionfactor of SPF 30 or more (e.g., 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 100 SPF or more). Inseveral embodiments, the formulation is provided as a topicalformulation. In several embodiments, the formulation is provided in theform of a liquid, cream, serum, or gel. Other embodiments of theformulation are provided as a powder, powder spray, aerosol, roll-on,stick, or the like. In several embodiments, the Zingiber officinaleextract is a root or leaf extract. In several embodiments, the Magnoliaofficinalis extract is a root, leaf or bark extract.

In several embodiments, the formulation further comprisescaprylic/capric triglycerides. In several embodiments, thecaprylic/capric triglycerides act as skin conditioners and/or occlusiveagents, the latter serving, in several embodiments, to increase thehydration of the skin (e.g., by preventing loss of moisture through theskin), thereby reducing the tendency of dry skin to become irritated oritchy. In several embodiments, the formulation further comprises abeta-glucan compound. In one embodiment, the beta-glucan comprisesmagnesium carboxymethyl beta-glucan. In several embodiments, thebeta-glucan is yeast derived, for example baker's yeast. In severalembodiments, the beta-glucan serves as a skin conditioner and/or servesto protect skin cells against depletion of endogenous antioxidantcompounds (e.g., upon exposure to UV radiation). In several embodiments,the beta-glucan aids in the renewal rate of certain types of skin cells,such as cells of the stratum corneum layer.

In several embodiments, the formulation further comprises one or moresiloxane. In several embodiments, the siloxane comprisescyclopentasiloxane. Other siloxanes are used, in several embodiments,depending on the embodiment, for example those with 4, 5, or 6 siloxanegroups. In several embodiments, the siloxane (e.g., cyclopentasiloxane)is provided in a range of 30-60% as % m/m of the formulation (e.g., 30%,40%, 50%, 60%, and ranges in between). In other embodiments, theseingredients are provided as % w/w, % m/v, % v/v, % m/w, or % w/v.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises an extract derivedfrom a member of the asteraceae family. For example, in severalembodiments the asteraceae extract is derived from the root, leaf,flower or other part of the chamomile flower. In several embodiments,the asteraceae extract comprises bisabolol. In several embodiments, asynthetic bisabolol, or synthetic version of an asteraceae extract isused. In several embodiments, the asteraceae extract provides one ormore of anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties.Anti-microbial agents are used, in some embodiments, with agents thatencourage the maintenance of a healthy skin biome (probiotics, etc.).Bisabolol may be obtained from Matricaria and Vanillosmopsis extracts(such as Matricaria chamomilla, Matricaria recutita, Vanillosmopsiserythropappa) or other sources.

In several embodiments of the formulation the Zingiber officinaleextract (e.g., root or other extract) is provided in a range of 0.005-5%(e.g., 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 50%, etc.), and thebisabolol (natural or synthetic) or asteraceae extract is provided in arange of 0.05-5% (e.g., 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 50%, etc.). Thepercentages are provided as % m/m in some embodiments. In otherembodiments, these ingredients are provided as % w/w, % m/v, % v/v, %m/w, or % w/v.

In several embodiments of the formulation, niacinamide is provided in arange of 0.5-5% (e.g., 1-3%, 2%, 3%, etc.), Zingiber officinale extractis provided in a range of 0.005-5% (e.g., 0.002%, 0.004%, 0.01%, 0.1%etc.), bisabolol (natural or synthetic) or asteraceae extract isprovided in a range of 0.05-5% (e.g., 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 50%, etc.),Crithmum maritimum extract is provided in a range of 0.02-5% (e.g.,0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 50%, etc.), Magnolia officinalis extract(e.g., bark extract) is provided in a range of 0.001-5% (e.g., 0.001%,0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%, 50%, etc.), and a Vitamin Ecompound is provided in a range of 0.05-5% (e.g., 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, 2.5%,50%, etc. The percentages are provided as % m/m in some embodiments. Inother embodiments, these ingredients are provided as % w/w, % m/v, %v/v, % m/w, or % w/v. In several embodiments, the Vitamin E compoundcomprises tocopheryl, tocopheryl phosphate or other derivative thereof.In several embodiments, the vitamin E compound comprises a disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphate.

In several embodiments, the formulation is paraben-free and isconfigured for use on the face. In several embodiments, the formulationis a free from animal products (e.g., the components of the formulationare plant-based or synthetic). In several embodiments, the formulationsprovided for herein are suitable for daily topical application, andrated at Protection Grade of Ultraviolet A (PA) of 12-14, 14-16, 16-18or greater (or any grade in between those listed) in a PersistentPigment Darkening (PPD) test.

In several embodiments, there is also provided a use of a formulationdisclosed herein for the treatment or prevention of red, irritated orinflamed skin. In several embodiments, the use of the formulationsdisclosed herein quickly neutralizes or reduces or eliminates theappearance of redness on skin. In several embodiments, use of theformulations helps to soothe and calm sensitive skin, while, in severalembodiments, providing protection from sun exposure. In severalembodiments, the formulation provides ongoing relief from sensitivityand/or the appearance of redness.

Also provided for herein are methods for treating red, sensitive, and/orirritated skin, the methods comprising identifying at least one regionof skin tissue exhibiting redness, sensitivity or irritation, andapplying, or instructing application of, a topical formulation to theskin region, wherein the formulation conditions the red or irritatedskin, reduces inflammatory mediators in the region of skin tissue, andprovides protection from ultraviolet rays, wherein the formulationcomprises niacinamide, a Zingiber officinale extract, bisabolol (naturalor synthetic) or an Asteraceae extract, a Crithmum maritimum extract, aMagnolia offinicalis extract, a Vitamin E compound, a zinc oxide; and atitanium dioxide.

In several embodiments, the formulations provided for herein function toalleviate one or more pathways that can contribute to skin rednessand/or irritation. For example, mechanical factors may cause skinredness and/or irritation in some embodiments. Additionally, physicaland/or chemical factors may also play a role in development of skinredness and/or irritation, either alone or in combination withmechanical factors. Non-limiting examples of mechanical factors that cancause, contribute to or are associated with skin redness and/orirritation include mechanical hair removal, such as shaving or waxing,scrapes, abrasions (e.g., first, second or third degree), heat or dryingeffects from external sources, such as a hair dryer, or other mechanicalmeans that create friction against the skin and can damage or injure oneor more skin layers. In some embodiments, physical factors work inconjunction with mechanical factors to lead to skin redness and/orirritation. Physical factors include, but are not limited to, UVexposure (e.g., sunlight), varied temperatures—whether hot or cold,either of which can cause an imbalance in skin health, otherenvironmental factors such as humidity, and the like. For example, acold environment can cause drying of skin, in part because of lowerhumidity, with the drying of the skin leading to cracking or other skindamage/loss of hydration, which can lead to skin irritation or redness.Similarly, elevated temperatures or high humidity can cause excessiveperspiration or greater than normal moisture on skin surfaces, which canthen lead to development of frication and/or skin abrasions, which asdiscussed above can lead to skin damage. Chemical factors, which maywork in combination with physical and/or mechanical factors, can causealso skin irritation or redness. Chemical factors include, but are notlimited to, certain sunscreens or other topical compositions (e.g.,lotions, facial masks etc.), chemical hair removal agents, retinol(e.g., retinoid skin creams), exposure to preservatives (e.g., those incertain topical formulations).

In several embodiments, mechanical, physical, or chemical factors (orcombinations of any or all of such factors) that can affect skinnegatively are treated by the formulations described herein; for exampleone or more of these factors can initiate or otherwise promote skinredness, irritation or damage through damage or injury to the outerlayers of skin, which normally function as a protective barrier. In someembodiments, these factors can cause a loss of natural or endogenousmoisturizing factors, which can lead to dryness, loss of skin hydrationand susceptibility to other pro-damaging factors or environments. Lossof lipids (e.g., epidermal lipids in the stratum corneum) can furtherdegrade the barrier function of the skin, rendering it more susceptibleto other factors and possibly to infectious agents. Pro-damaging factorscan also lead to loss of, degradation of, or reduced production ofcertain skin proteins. Various proteins serve to maintain the workingstructure of skin cells, maintain a tight and intact external skinlayer, and generally promote and maintain the barrier function of skin.

At least one result of the damages to the skin or reduction in barrierfunction is the subsequent cascade of biochemical events that occur indeeper layers of the skin, such as the epidermis. In the epidermallayer, a series of proinflammatory reactions can occur as a result ofmechanical, chemical and/or physical events. For example, variousproinflammatory cytokines can be released (II-1alpha, leukotriene B4,tumor necrosis factor alpha, prostaglandin E2, etc.). In severalembodiments, there are multiple cascades or layers of proinflammatorycytokines. In some embodiments, one or more of the proinflammatorycytokines are released from, for example, keratinocytes and/or mastcells. These proinflammatory cytokines can have wide ranging effects,from local infiltration of immune cells, to activator of downstreamreceptors, such as heat receptors (which later impact neural sensorypathways to further exacerbate skin irritation. Further, mast cells canalso release mediators of itching sensations (e.g., histamine). Thesevarious proinflammatory cytokines can activate cognate receptors andinduce a change in neural signals that lead to an increased sensation ofitching, burning, skin tightness, heat, etc. Not only does theactivation of these pathways lead to the increased sensations ofirritation, the increased sensations can lead to an individualexacerbating the problems (e.g., by itching the skin, further damagingthe surface and generating more inflammatory mediator release), as wellas additional reddening of the skin.

Furthermore, there can result, in several embodiments, more long termchanges to the cells making up the various skin layers. For example,there can be alterations in proliferation and/or differentiation ofcells in the skin. In one embodiment, keratinocytes, which serve asbarrier cells, can overproliferate which can lead to a coordinate excessof proinflammatory cytokine production and/or skin thickening. Likewise,changes in keratinocyte differentiation can be altered, thereby alteringthe balance between the various types of cells in the skin. Theselonger-term changes can result in a feed forward effect that leads tofurther skin susceptibility to the various factors that led to initialinjury (e.g., mechanical, physical, chemical). As a result, the skin'snatural barrier function can continue to degrade, which leads to dry,damaged, and sensitive skin—such characteristics being associated withincreased chances for additional skin damage and irritation. Thus,mechanical, physical and/or chemical factors can create a cycle or loopof skin irritation and redness.

In several embodiments, the formulations described herein address (e.g.,limit the effects of) one or more of these causes and/or symptoms ofdamaged, irritated, or reddened skin. In several embodiments, theformulations described herein reduce the impact of mechanical factors onthe skin and its barrier function. In several embodiments, theformulations provided for herein reduce the impact of chemical factorson the skin and its barrier function. In several embodiments, theformulations described herein reduce the impact of physical factors onthe skin and its barrier function. In several embodiments, theformulations described herein limit release and/or effect ofproinflammatory cytokines and/or other inflammatory mediators. Inseveral embodiments, the formulations provided for herein limit thelonger-term changes that could negatively impact skin, thereby limitingor reducing the feed-forward effect discussed above. In one embodiment,the formulations described herein maintain or enhances lipid productionin the skin, for example, by stimulation of synthesis of certainceramides, which are major components of the stratum corneum. In severalembodiments, production of ceramides such ceramide III or VI, and/orenzymes that play a role in ceramide formation (e.g.,beta-glucocerebrosidase) is elevated through use of the formulationsdescribed herein, which can enhance barrier function (and also moistureretention). In several embodiments, production or maintenance of otherstructural components of the skin, such as filaggrin (monomers that areincorporated into skin lipids, thereby enhancing skin barrier function)is increased through use of the formulations described herein, whichenhances the ability of the skin to resist negative impacts ofmechanical, physical and/or chemical factors (and thus become lesssusceptible to irritants).

In still additional embodiments, the formulations described hereinenhance one or more of skin cell regulation and overall skin protection.Cellular regulation of skin cells can be positively impacted by theformulations provided for, for example, by promoting proliferation ofcertain cells, such as epidermal basal cells. Also enhanced in severalembodiments is cellular respiration. In conjunction, these effectsresult in a larger overall population of healthy skin cells, with eachcell, or the majority of cells, undergoing greater regulation ofcellular respiration to avoid or eliminate, for example, free radicalproduction or other factors (e.g., production of proinflammatorycytokines) that could compromise skin function or integrity. Skinprotective effects are also achieved through the use of formulationsdisclosed herein. For example, in several embodiments, the formulationsregulate (e.g., reduce) proinflammatory mediators. Additionally,cellular stressors (e.g., free radicals resulting fromoxidative/metabolic stress) are regulated (e.g., reduced to a normal,healthy level). In several embodiments, the formulations also provide anincreased barrier function that allows the cells of the skin to becomeproperly hydrated (thereby increasing the water reservoir of the skin)and also preventing or reducing loss of water through the skin,especially damaged skin.

In several embodiments, the topical formulation is a liquid, cream,serum, or gel. Depending on the embodiment, at least one of the Zingiberofficinale, bisabolol (natural or synthetic) or an asteraceae extract,Crithmum maritimum, and Magnolia officinalis extracts are root extracts.In several embodiments, the topical formulation decreases production ofinflammatory mediators, improves the barrier function of the skin,leading to improved hydration and antioxidant production, and/orconditions the skin while providing protection from UV exposure.

The use of agents, ingredients and compounds may be used interchangeablyherein. In several embodiments, reference to the term “based” includesthe recited agent, ingredient or compounds. For example, abisabolol-based compound includes panthenol itself. As used herein, theterms composition and formulation can be used interchangeably. As usedherein, the terms “skin care formulation(s)” and “cosmeticformulation(s)” can be used interchangeably. Where percentages areprovided for agents, ingredients and compounds, they can be % m/m, %m/w, % w/w, % m/v, % v/v and variations thereof with respect to theformulation as a whole, unless otherwise indicated.

The agents, ingredients and compounds described herein may be modifiednatural substances (e.g., isolates, extracts, purified, processed,chemically modified, etc.) or synthetic substances. Methods of usingunique combinations of natural substances are also provided.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises a method of treatingskin using any one of the formulations described above or below. The useof any of the formulations described herein for treating skin (e.g.,reducing skin irritation or redness) and/or improving skin appearance isprovided in several embodiments. Several embodiments also includeinstructing the method or use of the formulation (e.g., via instructionsfor use).

As described above, several embodiments of the present invention (e.g.,calming formulations) relate to unique skin care formulations fortreating, protecting, and/or repairing skin. The formulations describedherein can be beneficial for both healthy and damaged skin, for exampleskin that is irritated through aging, sun exposure, or otherenvironmental stress. In several embodiments, use of the formulationsdescribed herein provides one or more of the following advantages: (i)reduction in the appearance of redness and/or blotchiness, (ii)reduction in skin irritation, aggravation, and/or discomfort, etc.,(iii) skin looks and feels smoother; (iv) increased firmness, (v)increased hydration, (vi) improved skin tone and texture (e.g.,increased evenness), (vii) clearer complexion, (viii) improved radiance,(ix) fine lines, pores, and wrinkles appear less visible, (x) improvedoverall appearance of skin, (xi) reinforcement of the skin's naturaldefenses, (xii) improved epidermal structural integrity (e.g.,improvement of the skin's barrier function), (xiii) reduction orprevention of inflammation, (xiv) rebalancing of the skin's immunesystem, (xv) soothing of irritated skin, and (xvi) calming of sensitiveand/or itchy skin. Advantageously, in several embodiments, theseimprovements are obtained with formulations that are gentle andnon-irritating, with no or little erythema, edema, dryness, peeling,itching, stinging, tingling, or burning sensation. Because undesiredeffects are nominal or nonexistent, the formulation fosters regular useby a subject (even one with sensitive skin), which enables longer termimprovements in skin characteristics.

The formulations described herein can provide both short-term andlong-term benefits according to several embodiments. Beneficial effectsfrom use of the formulations described herein occur upon use, withinhours of use, within 1-2 days, 3-4 days, about 7 days, about 14 days, orwithin about 3 weeks. In several embodiments, the skin appears improvedafter application of the formulation and benefits continue over about2-6 weeks, about 6-12 weeks, about 12-24 weeks, or about 24-52 weeks ofuse. In several embodiments, long lasting effects on the skin areachieved in less than 3 months.

Several embodiments of the invention comprise a formulation for soothingirritated skin while also reinforcing the skin's natural defenses. Insome embodiments, the formulation optionally includes ingredients thatprovide protection against UV damage. In some embodiments, theformulation is in a liquid, gel or solid (e.g., powder) form. Theformulations described herein can be applied prior to or afterfoundation or other make-up. In some embodiments, the formulation iscolorless; however, in other embodiments, the formulation containssufficient color to serve as foundation and/or color corrector (e.g.,with green undertones to balance redness). In some embodiments, the pHof the formulations is slightly basic, slightly acidic or neutral. Insome embodiments, a pH of 3-5, 4-6, 5-7, 6-8, or ranges in between, areprovided. Lower or higher pH values may also be used.

The formulations described herein have one or more of the followinguses: primer, moisturizer, skin protectant, sunscreen, setting mist, andcolor (cover-up, coverage, or foundation). The unique aspects of many ofthe formulations described herein provide a multi-functional productthat blends skin care (e.g., skin repair) and sun care, and offers ahigh SPF primer, color coverage, skin nourishment, anti-oxidants and ananti-irritant/anti-inflammatory effect (e.g., through a reduction ofinflammatory mediators, increasing cellular respiration, restoration ofthe skin's water balance).

According to several embodiments, the formulations described herein canbe applied by hand, by sponge, by spraying, by applicator, by dropper,by brush, or through use of a composition-impregnated wipe or tissue. Insome embodiments, the formulations described herein can optionally beapplied by transdermal patch. In some embodiments, the formulations areabsorbent (e.g., readily absorbable) such that no separate means areneeded to enhance absorption. However, in some embodiments, one or moreof low frequency ultrasound, massage, application of an electricalfield, mechanical manipulation or vibration may be used to facilitateabsorption. In some embodiments, the formulation is useful post-surgeryor dermatological treatment, where, for example, skin irritation ordamage may be an issue. Several topical formulations herein describedcan penetrate top layers of the skin. Further, some of the formulationsdescribed herein may be suitable for use for application under one ormore skin layers (e.g., as an injectable or subcutaneous implant).

The invention, according to several embodiments, comprises a topicalformulation (such as a liquid formulation with anti-irritant effects)for treating skin that includes extracts of ginger and bisabolol(natural or synthetic) or an asteraceae extract. In one embodiment, theginger comprises Zingiber officinale extracted from the leaf, root,flower or other part of the plant. In several embodiments, the bisabolol(natural or synthetic) or asteraceae extract comprises a sesquiterpenealcohol, such as a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol. In severalembodiments, bisabolol (also known as levomenol) is used in a syntheticformat. In several embodiments, the asteraceae extract is derived fromthe chamomile leaf, root, flower or other part of the plant. In oneembodiment, the bisabolol is provided as an essential oil. In oneembodiment, the bisabolol is optionally synthetic. In some suchembodiments, synthetic bisabolol may comprise a racemic mixture ofα-(−)-bisabolol and α-(+)-bisabolol. Zingiber officinale and bisabolol(natural or synthetic) are unrelated compounds that Applicant believeshave unexpected synergistic effects in combination to reduce skinirritation, reduce skin redness, or otherwise treat skin. In severalembodiments, these compounds synergistically act to reduce one or moreinflammatory mediators, such as interleukins and prostaglandins. In oneembodiment, these compounds reduce production of, inhibit the activityor, or otherwise diminish the effects of one or more of interleukin 1alpha, tumor necrosis factor (e.g., TNF alpha), cyclooxygenase (e.g.,COX-2) or prostaglandin E2.

In several embodiments, topical formulations provided for hereinadditionally comprise an extract from the Magnolia plant. In someembodiments, the Magnolia extract comprises an extract that is extractedfrom the leaf, root, flower or other part of the plant. In oneembodiment, the Magnolia extract is extracted from the bark of theplant. In several embodiments, the extract comprises one or moreanti-inflammatory substances. For example, the extract comprises, insome embodiments magnolol and/or honokiol. These substances actsynergistically to inhibit activation of inflammatory mediators andmediators of skin aging. For example, in several embodiments, theactivity of NF-KB is inhibited. Moreover, in several embodiments, theMagnolia extract acts to protect skin against chronic inflammation,neutralize internal aging factors and to reduce skin redness. In someembodiments, the Magnolia extract is coupled with one or moretriglycerides, such as those derived from coconut oil. In oneembodiment, the triglycerides comprise caprylic and capric fatty acidsof coconut oil, rather than a complete spectrum of all the fatty acidsof coconut oil. In several embodiments, the caprylic and capric fattyacids act synergistically with the Magnolia extract (or with otheringredients of the composition) to provide anti-inflammatory,anti-irritating, anti-redness effects and/or any of the other positiveskin effects disclosed herein.

In several embodiments, the formulations provided herein furthercomprise one or more Crithmum plant extracts. In several embodiments,the extract is extracted from the leaf, root, flower or other part ofthe plant. In some embodiments, the extract is from Crithmum maritimum(e.g., sea fennel or rock samphire). In some embodiments, the plantextract is coupled with one or more triglycerides, such as those derivedfrom coconut oil. As discussed above, in one embodiment, thetriglycerides comprise caprylic and capric fatty acids of coconut oil,rather than a complete spectrum of all the fatty acids of coconut oil.In several embodiments, the caprylic and capric fatty acids actsynergistically with the plant extract (or with other ingredients of thecomposition) to provide anti-inflammatory, anti-irritating, anti-rednesseffects and/or any of the other positive skin effects disclosed herein.For example, in some embodiments, the plant extract and/orcaprylic/capric fatty acids maintain or protect the lipids normallypresent in the epidermis, boost cellular respiration and/or aids inrestoration of skin hydration and water balance.

In several embodiments, the formulations provided herein further includea biologically active polysaccharide. In some embodiments, thepolysaccharide is a beta glucan. In one embodiment the beta-glucan is aderivative of a yeast beat glucan, for example baker's yeast. In severalembodiments, the beta-glucan acts synergistically with one or more otheringredients of the composition to provide anti-inflammatory,anti-irritating, anti-redness effects and/or any of the other positiveeffects disclosed herein, such as improved wound healing and/or fightinginfections. Additionally, in several embodiments, the beta-glucan aidsin soothing irritated skin, calming sensitive and itching skin, andgenerally aids in alleviating skin discomfort.

In some embodiments, the niacinamide, Zingiber officinale extract,bisabolol (natural or synthetic) or asteraceae extract, Magnolia plantextract, marine plant extract/caprylic/capric fatty acids, andbiologically active polysaccharide are each provided in the range ofabout 0.0005-10% and the vitamin-containing compound (or compounds) isprovided in the range of about 0.05-10% (respectively, in thoseembodiments wherein multiple vitamin containing compounds are included).Sunscreen may be provided in the range of about 1-45%. Sunscreenprovides an additional benefit by shielding the skin and preventing,minimize or otherwise reducing the skin's exposure to UV, which canreduce environmental damage to the skin, thus facilitating thetherapeutic benefits of the formulation. Further, sunscreen reduces theincidence of future inflammation and skin damage. To Applicant'sknowledge, several combinations of ingredients disclosed hereinrepresent unique formulations that are not naturally occurring (e.g.,not found in nature in such combination). Moreover, in severalembodiments, the individual ingredients are modified so as to bestructurally and/or functionally different than the naturally-occurringspecies, thereby resulting in markedly unique effects.

In addition, in some embodiments, at least one of the followingingredients is included: a skin conditioning agent, a solvent, asilicone, an emollient, a preservative, a thickener, an antioxidant, ananti-inflammatory agent, and an excipient. Colorants and fragrances mayadditionally be included. In some embodiments, the formulation furtherincludes one or more of the following: amino acids, peptides,phospholipids, additional vitamins, growth factors, and additionalanti-aging compounds. Surfactants, gelling agents, and pH balancers mayalso be included.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises a combination ofvarious combination groups and individual ingredients. In someembodiments, the formulation comprises, consists essentially of orconsists of several or all of the following groups of ingredients:

TABLE 6 Group Agent/Ingredient 6.1 cyclopentasiloxane, dimethiconecrosspolymer, dimethicone/ vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, anddimethiconol; 6.2 titanium dioxide, caprylic/capric triglyceride,alumina, silica, and polyhydroxy stearic acid; 6.3 zinc oxide,caprylic/capric triglyceride, jojoba esters, and glycerylbehenate/eicosadioate; 6.4 bisabolol and Zingiber Officinale (ginger)root extract; 6.5 Magnolia Officinalis bark extract and caprylic/caprictriglyceride; 6.6 caprylic/capric triglyceride and Crithmum maritimumextract; 6.7 iron oxides (e.g., CI 77492) and triethoxycaprylylsilane;6.8 iron oxides (e.g., CI 77491) and triethoxycaprylylsilane; 6.9chromium oxide greens (e.g., CI 77288); 6.10 iron oxides (e.g., CI77499) and triethoxycaprylylsilane; 6.11 water; 6.12 niacinamide; 6.13magnesium carboxymethyl beta-glucan; 6.14 phenoxyethanol andethylhexylglycerin; 6.15 disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopherylphosphate; 6.16 cyclopentasiloxane, disteardimonium hectorite, andpropylene carbonate.

In several embodiments, effective (e.g., therapeutic) amounts of activeingredients are provided in the formulation. In many embodiments, thepercentages provided are % m/m or % w/w.

In one embodiment, group (6.1) above is provided in a range of about30-80% (e.g., 30%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and ranges in between) of thetotal formulation, with individual ranges (with respect to percentageamount vis-á-vis the select group of the following ingredients) asfollows: cyclopentasiloxane (about 30%, 45%, 50%, 70%, 75% 80%, 82%,83%, 85%, 90%, and ranges in between), dimethicone crosspolymer (about6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 20%, and ranges in between), dimethicone/vinyldimethicone crosspolymer (about 1%, 2%, 3%, 6%, 10%, and ranges inbetween) and dimethiconol (about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%,2%, 5%, and ranges in between). By way of example, if cyclopentasiloxaneis provided at 80% vis-á-vis the select group of compounds listed ingroup (6.1), and group (6.1) is provided as 60% of the totalformulation, then cyclopentasiloxane will be present as 48% of the totalformulation. In several embodiments, group (6.1) can further include orbe substituted with elastomers, such as high molecular weight siliconeelastomers, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, phenyl silicons,alkylmethylsiloxanes, polydimethylsiloxanes, cross-linked siliconeelastomer dispersions, hexamethyldisolixane, cyclomethicone, andtrimethylsilyamodimethicone, and combinations thereof. In severalembodiments, group (6.1) can be a gel and be used in conditioning theskin, as well as for sebum absorption.

In one embodiment, group (6.2) and group (6.3) above are provided in arange of about 15-30% (e.g., 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, 25%, 28%, 30%, andranges in between) of the total formulation for group (6.2) and 5-20%(e.g., 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, and ranges in between) of thetotal formulation for group (6.3). Individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) can be as follows for group (6.2): titanium dioxide (about20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and ranges in between), caprylic/caprictriglyceride (about 20%, 35%, 40%, 42%, 44%, 46%, 50%, 55%, 65%, 75%,and ranges in between), alumina (about 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.25%, 2.5%,2.75%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 8%, and ranges in between), silica (about 0.5%, 1%,1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 8%, and ranges in between) and polyhydroxystearic acid (about 0.5%, 0.75% 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%, 5%, andranges in between). Individual ranges (with respect to percentage amountvis-á-vis the select group of the following ingredients) can be asfollows for group (6.3): zinc oxide (50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80, 95,and ranges in between), caprylic/capric triglyceride (about 10%, 15%,20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 45%, 50% and ranges in between), jojoba esters orjojoba-based compounds (about 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, 5%, andranges in between), and glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate (about 0.5%, 1%,1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and ranges in between).

According to several embodiments, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide areused for UV absorption. Micronized and/or nanoscale zinc oxide togetherwith titanium dioxide can be used and can provide strong protectionagainst ultraviolet radiation and can be used in sunscreen, sunblock,tanning, and sun tanning lotions, creams, gels, and liquids according toseveral embodiments. Titanium dioxide can also be used herein as apigment, sunscreen, sunblock and a thickener. Other ingredients that canbe used in addition to or as a substitute for the ingredients in group(6.2) or (6.3) include but are not limited to, 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor (Enzacamene, Parsol 5000, Eusolex 6300, MBC), Tinosorb M(bisoctrizole, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol,MBBT), Tinosorb S (Bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenol triazine,bemotrizinol, BEMT, anisotriazine), Meroyl XL, (drometrizoletrisiloxane), Benzophenone-9 (Uvinul DS 49, CAS 3121-60-6, SodiumDihydroxy Dimethoxy Disulfobenzophenone), Uvinul T 150 (Octyl triazone,ethylhexyl triazone, EHT), Uvinul A Plus (Diethylamino HydroxybenzoylHexyl Benzoate), Uvasorb HEB (Iscotrizinol, Diethylhexyl butamidotriazone, DBT), Parsol SLX (Dimethicodiethylbenzalmalonate,Polysilicone-15), and Isopentenyl-4-methoxycinnamate (Isoamylp-Methoxycinnamate, IMC, Neo Heliopan E1000, Amiloxate). In someembodiments, the formulations comprise 5-15% zinc oxide and 7-15%titanium dioxide.

In one embodiment, group (6.4) above is provided in a range of about0.05-2% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.125%,0.15%, 0.175%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and rangesin between), with individual ranges (with respect to percentage amountvis-á-vis the select group of the following ingredients) as follows:bisabolol (about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, andranges in between) and Zingiber officinale root extract (about 0.05%,0.075%, 0.1%, 0.125%, 0.15%, 0.175%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%,1.5%, 2%, and ranges in between). In several embodiments, fragrances canbe used, including lavender, lemon, orange, gardenia, jasmine, mint, andother flower and fruit extracts. Fragrance-free alternatives are alsoused herein.

In one embodiment, group (6.5) above is provided in a range of about0.05-2% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%,0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75%, 2%, andranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect to percentageamount vis-á-vis the select group of the following ingredients) asfollows: Magnolia officinalis bark extract (about 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%,0.125%, 0.15%, 0.175%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, andranges in between) and caprylic/capric triglyceride (about 75%, 80%,85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, andranges in between).

In one embodiment, group (6.6) above is provided in a range of about0.1-5% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: caprylic/capric triglyceride (about 75%, 80%,85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, and ranges in between) and CrithmumMaritimum extract (about 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 12%, andranges in between. In some embodiments, fractionated coconut oil can beused in place of, or in addition to caprylic and/or caprictriglycerides. Additionally, in some embodiments, synthetic sea fennelextract is used. Alternatively, retinol (e.g., vitamin A—synthetic ornatural) may be used in addition to, or in place of, sea fennel extract.

In one embodiment, group (6.7) above is provided in a range of about0.1-5% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%,and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: iron oxides, e.g., CI 77492, (about 90%, 95%98%, 99%, 99.5%, 100%, and ranges in between) andtriethoxycaprylylsilane (about 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%,5%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, group (6.8) above is provided in a range of about0.01-3% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%,0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and ranges in between), withindividual ranges (with respect to percentage amount vis-á-vis theselect group of the following ingredients) as follows: iron oxides,e.g., CI 77491, (about 90%, 95% 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 100%, and ranges inbetween) and triethoxycaprylylsilane (about 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%,2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, ingredient (6.9) above, chromium oxide greens, isprovided in a range of about 0.1-5% (e.g., 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.6%,0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and ranges in between) of the totalformulation. Alternatively, hydrated chromium oxide, hydrated chromiumgreen, and/or chromium cobalt aluminum oxide is used. In severalembodiments, other green pigments are used, for example green teaextract, Ultramarines (CI 77007), and the like.

In one embodiment, group (6.10) above is provided in a range of about0.001-5% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%,0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and ranges in between), with individualranges (with respect to percentage amount vis-á-vis the select group ofthe following ingredients) as follows: iron oxides, e.g., CI 77499,(about 90%, 95% 98%, 100%, and ranges in between) andtriethoxycaprylylsilane (about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and ranges inbetween). In several embodiments, the formulation is free of one or moremembers of group (6.10).

In one embodiment, ingredient (6.11) above, water (e.g., distilledand/or deionized water), is provided in a range of about 1-10% (e.g.,1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, and ranges in between) of thetotal formulation. Alternatively, isocetyl stearoyl stearate is usedinstead or in addition to water in a range of about 5-20% (1-10% (e.g.,1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, ingredient (6.12) above, niacinamide, is provided ina range of about 0.01-5% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.01% 0.1%,0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, and ranges in between) of thetotal formulation. Additionally, other components of the vitamin Bcomplex group or other vitamin B based compounds can be used in additionto, or in place of, niacinamide (also called nicotinamide).Additionally, other agents that complex with one or more of nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (NAD) and/or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate coenzymes can also be used in several embodiments.

In one embodiment, ingredient (6.13) above is provided in a range ofabout 0.01-3% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.075%,0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and ranges in between),with individual ranges (with respect to percentage amount vis-á-vis theselect group of the following ingredients) as follows: magnesiumcarboxymethyl beta-glucan (about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% 98%, and rangesin between), glycolic acid (about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%,3%, and ranges in between), chloracetic acid (about 0.01%, 0.025%,0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, and ranges in between), and water(about 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, group (6.14) above is provided in a range of about0.01-3% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%,0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and ranges in between), withindividual ranges (with respect to percentage amount vis-á-vis theselect group of the following ingredients) as follows: phenoxyethanol(about 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% 98%, 100%, and ranges in between),ethylhexlyglycerin (about 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and ranges inbetween), and tocopherol (about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%,0.5%, 1%, 2%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, ingredient (6.15) above is provided in a range ofabout 0.01-7% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%,1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 7% and ranges in between), withindividual ranges (with respect to percentage amount vis-á-vis theselect group of the following ingredients) as follows: disodiumlauriminodiapropionate tocopheryl phosphates (about 25%, about 30%,about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, and ranges in between),water (about 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, and ranges in between),phenoxyethanol (about 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 2%, 4% and ranges inbetween), benzoic acid (about 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.4%,0.6%, and ranges in between), and dehydroacetic acid (about 0.02%,0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, group (6.16) above is provided in a range of about 1%to about 25% of the total formulation (e.g., 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%,25%, and ranges in between), with individual ranges (with respect topercentage amount vis-á-vis the select group of the followingingredients) as follows: cyclopentasoiloxane (about 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%,85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, and ranges in between), disteardimonium hectorite(about 5%, 8%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, and ranges in between), and propylenecarbonate (about 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 9%, and ranges in between).

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises or consists essentially ofsome or all of the following agents:

TABLE 7 Approximate % Amount in Agent/Ingredient Formulation Siloxane(e.g., Cyclopentasiloxane)   30-60% Caprylic/capric triglyceride   5-20% Titanium Dioxide    5-15% Zinc Oxide    2-15% DimethiconeCrosspolymer    2-10% Water    2-10% Niacinamide  0.5-5% Disteardimoniumhectorite  0.5-5% Dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer  0.5-5%Iron oxides  0.5-5% Vitamin E Compound (e.g., Disodium  0.1-5%Lauriminodipropionate Tocopheryl Phosphates) Alumina  0.1-5% Chromiumoxide green  0.1-5% Propylene carbonate  0.1-5% Silica 0.05-5%Dimethiconol 0.05-5% Jojoba esters 0.05-5% Polyhydroxysteric acid0.05-5% Bisabolol 0.05-5% Glyceryl behenate 0.05-5% Phenoxyethanol0.05-5% Magnesium carboxymethyl beta-glucan 0.05-5% Crithmum maritimumextract 0.05-5% Triethoxycaprylylsilane 0.005-5%  Ethylhexylglycerin0.005-5%  Magnolia officinale bark extract 0.001-5%  Benzoic acid0.001-5%  Zingiber officinale (ginger) root extract 0.001-5% Dehydroacetic acid 0.0001-5%  Tocopherol 0.0001-5%  Chloracetic acid0.00001-5% 

The percentages provided above for Tables 6 and 7 are provided as % m/mor % w/w in some embodiments. In other embodiments, these ingredientsare provided as % m/v, % v/v, % m/w, or % w/v. In several embodiments, atherapeutic or effective amount of each therapeutic ingredient isincluded in the formulation. A therapeutic or effective amount may bethat which reduces irritation, reduces redness, reduces inflammation,mediates an immune response, or soothes the skin.

In some embodiments, one or more of the groups of ingredients may be,but not necessarily, obtained as Dow Corning 9546 or 9548 ElastomerBlend, GCP55TEL, GC70MZCJ-G, SymRelief 100, MAXnolia O, Native Essence,Unipure Yellow, Unipure Red, Chromium Oxide Green, Niacinamide PC,CM-Glucan Forte, Euxyl PE 9010, Vital ET, and Bentone Gel VS-5 PC V HV.Some embodiments employ Unipure Black, although several embodiments arefree of Unipure Black.

In one embodiment, a thickener or viscosity increasing agent is providedin a range of about 0.1-15% of the total formulation (e.g., 0.1%, 0.5%,1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 12%, 15%, and ranges in between). The thickenercan optionally include methylcellulose in alternate embodiments. Thepercentages are provided as % m/m in some embodiments. In otherembodiments, these ingredients are provided as % w/w, % m/v, % v/v, %m/w, or % w/v.

In several embodiments, the formulation can have an SPF between 5 SPFand 100 SPF. In some embodiments, the topical composition can have anSPF of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and rangesin between. Greater SPF values may also be used in some embodiments. Aphysical sunscreen with an SPF of 50 is provided in several embodiments.

In several embodiments, the formulation comprises a stabilizer,suspending agent and/or thickener. Dimethicone crosspolymer is a siliconderivative that can be used herein as a stabilizing or a suspendingagent or a thickener. Types of dimethicone crosspolymers that can beused as a stabilizing agent, suspending agent or a thickener include,but are not limited to, silicone CS-1600, which is a mixture betweendimethicone crosspolymer and cyclopentasiloxane, dimethiconecrosspolymer 3, dimethicone crosspolymer PEG-8, cetyldimethicone/dimethicone cross polymer, and dimethicone/vinyl dimethiconecrosspolymer, and combinations thereof.

In several embodiments, a dispersing agent is used in order to achieve amore even distribution (and stabilization, in several embodiments) ofsolid particles, like pigments and fillers, throughout the formulation.In several embodiments, disteardimonium hectorite, a derivative of thenaturally occurring clay mineral hectorite is used, either alone or inconjunction with other agents. Disteardimonium hectorite is generated byreplacement of a portion of the sodium cations of hectorite clay withstearyldimonium groups, which include 18 carbon chains. Disteardimoniumhectorite is a quaternary ammonium compound, and other compounds of thisclass can be used, in several embodiments, in addition to or in place ofdisteardimonium hectorite. In some embodiments, the quaternary ammoniumcompounds are synthetic, though naturally occurring compounds may alsobe used. For example, other quaternary ammonium compounds that can beused include, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride,methylbenzethonium chloride, cetalkonium chloride, cetylpyridiniumchloride, cetrimonium, cetrimide, dofanium chloride, tetraethylammoniumbromide, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, and domiphen bromide, orcombinations of two or more thereof.

In several embodiments described herein, the topical formulationcomprises Zingiber officinale extract to beneficially affect skincondition (e.g., smoothness, reduced irritation, increased barrierfunction, etc.). Zingiber officinale extract can be combined withvarious oils, other extracts, and/or vitamin compositions, in severalembodiments. For example, Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) extract,mulberry extract, Sanguisorba officinalis (Great Burnet) extract,Rhodiola rosea extract, Angelica arcangelica extract, and the like maybe used, alone or in combination with Zingiber officinale extract (orwith other components described herein). Tocopherol is a vitamin Ecompound, with benefits described herein.

Zingiber officinale extract combined with bisabolol (synthetic ornatural) works synergistically in several embodiments to enhance theskin calming, anti-redness and anti-irritant effects. In someembodiments, the ratio of Zingiber officinale and bisabolol is 100:1,99:1; 90:1; 75:1, 50:1, 25:1, 10:1 and ranges in between. In someembodiments, the ratio of the bisabolol and Zingiber officinale is100:1, 99:1; 90:1; 75:1, 50:1, 25:1, 10:1, and ranges in between. In oneembodiment, the two agents when combined work synergistically asanti-irritant agents, and further when combined with vitamin E compoundsand/or niacinimide (e.g., 1-5%) provide enhanced synergy withanti-irritant (e.g., anti-inflammatory) effects. Additionally, whencombined with a high SPF (such as SPF 30, 50 or more), the formulations'anti-irritant and anti-redness effects on skin are further pronounced asthe SPF formulation reduces further damage/irritation to the skin.

In several embodiments, the Zingiber officinale and/or bisabolol(synthetic or natural) is combined with Magnolia officinalis extract,which functions as a skin conditioning agent, and has antimicrobialproperties. In several embodiments, the ratio of Magnolia officinalisextract to Zingiber officinale and/or bisabolol is 50:1, 40:1, 30:1,25:1:20:1, 10:1, 5:1, 2:1 and ranges in between. In several embodiments,the Zingiber officinale, bisabolol, and/or Magnolia officinalis iscombined with Crithmum maritimum extract, which functions as a skinconditioning agent. In several embodiments, the ratio of Magnoliaofficinalis extract to Zingiber officinale, bisabolol, and/or Magnoliaofficinalis is 1:10, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, 1:100, 1:250, 1:500, 500:1,250:1, 100:1, 75:1, 50:1, 25:1, 10:1 and ranges in between. In severalembodiments, these combinations exhibit synergistic anti-irritant and/oranti-redness effects. In several embodiments, these combinations promotesmoother, more hydrated skin that, in turn, reduces future irritationand redness.

As described herein, anti-inflammatory agents other than vitamin Ecompounds can be used in addition to, or in lieu of, vitamin Ecompounds. Anti-inflammatory agents are used, in some embodiments, toinhibit the inflammatory pathway. For example, during the inflammatoryprocess in the epidermal layer, inflammatory mediators (such ascytokines, chemokines, prostanoids such as prostaglandins, reactiveoxygen species, etc.) may be released. In several embodiments, thevitamin E compounds are used to assist in reduction of effects caused byUV exposure, such as UVA or UVA exposure. In several embodiments, thevitamin E compounds help prevent the formation of sunburn on cells(e.g., epidermal cells). Also associated with this effect, in oneembodiment, is the protection or reduction in the UV induced depletionor alteration of epidermal Langerhans cells, the depletion of which isassociated with immunosuppression (which can exacerbate heightened skinsensitivity). In several embodiments, the vitamin E compounds also aidin reducing redness or other skin discoloration. An anti-inflammatoryagent, as used herein in several embodiments, interrupts (e.g., orotherwise inhibits) this pathway, which in turn helps to reduceinflammation. In some embodiments, the balancing of inflammation andinflammatory pathways is accomplished. In one embodiment, melaninproduction may also be beneficially affected.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof cyclopentasiloxane, dimethicone crosspolymer, dimethicone/vinyldimethicone crosspolymer, caprylic/capric triglyceride, titanium dioxideand/or zinc oxide, disteardimonimum hectorite, propylene carbonate,niacinamide, bisabolol, Zingiber officinale extract, Magnoliaofficinalis bark extract, Crithmum maritimum extract, disodiumlauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, phenoxyethanol, benzoicacid, dehydroacetic acid, iron oxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 77492) andchromium oxide green (e.g., CI 77288).

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof cyclopentasiloxane, caprylic/capric triglyceride, water/aqua/eau,dimethicone crosspolymer, niacinamide, disteardimonium hectorite,dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, propylene carbonate,disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates, Crithmum maritimumextract, Magnolia officinalis bark extract, Zingiber officinale (ginger)root extract, magnesium carboxymethyl, beta-glucan, jojoba esters orderivatives, bisabolol, silica, polyhydroxystearic acid, dimethiconol,alumina, glyceryl behenate/eicosadioate, phenoxyethanol,triethoxycaprylylsilane, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, dehydroaceticacid, benzoic Acid, glycolic Acid, chloroacetic acid, chromium oxidegreens (e.g., CI 77288), iron oxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 77492, CI77499). In several embodiments, the above compounds are supplementedwith one or more sunscreen ingredients.

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof cyclopentasiloxane, caprylic/capric triglyceride, titanium dioxide,zinc oxide, water/aqua/eau, dimethicone crosspolymer, niacinamide,disteardimonium hectorite, dimethicone/vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer,propylene carbonate, disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopherylphosphates, Crithmum maritimum extract, Magnolia officinalis barkextract, Zingiber officinale (ginger) root extract, magnesiumcarboxymethyl beta-glucan, jojoba esters, bisabolol, silica,polyhydroxystearic acid, dimethiconol, alumina, glycerylbehenate/eicosadioate, phenoxyethanol, triethoxycaprylylsilane,ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, dehydroacetic acid, benzoic acid,glycolic acid, chloroacetic acid, [+/− CI 77288, CI 77491, CI 77492, CI77499).

In several embodiments, the invention comprises or consists essentiallyof cyclopentasiloxane, dimethicone crosspolymer, dimethicone/vinyldimethicone crosspolymer, dimethiconol, caprylic/capric triglyceride,alumina, silica, polyhydroxysteric acid, jojoba esters, glycerylbehenate/eicosadioate, water, phenoxyethanol, benzoic acid,dehydroacetic acid, glycolic acid, choloracetic acid,ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, disteardimonium hectorite,triethoxycaprylylsilane, iron oxides (e.g., CI 77491, CI 77492),chromium oxide greens (e.g., CI 77288) and two or more of bisabolol,Zingiber officinale, Magnolia officinalis bark extract, Crithmummaritimum extract, disodium lauriminodiapropionate tocopherylphosphates, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, niacinamide, and magnesiumcarboxymethyl beta-glucan.

The topical formulations described herein may be used as a primer,foundation, concealer or general skin care product. Facial lotion andeye creams are provided in some embodiments.

According to several embodiments, the ingredients may be delivered in asingle formulation or separately. For example, a skin care/conditioningagent and an anti-inflammatory agent and sunscreen can be in a singleformulation. Alternatively, the ingredients or groups of ingredients maybe provided in separate compositions. For example, the anti-inflammatoryagent(s) may be in one formulation and the sunscreen in another. Thetopical formulations are, according to several embodiments, applied oncea day, twice a day, or every other day. Greater frequencies may also beused. Lesser frequencies may also be used, for example in maintenancephase after the desired effects have been achieved. Multi-chamberdispensers can be used in some embodiments. In several embodiments, akit comprising a formulation as described herein is provided along withinstructions for use. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises aseparate sunscreen to be reapplied on a more frequent basis (suchsunscreen can be provided as a brush on sunscreen). Applicators(brushes, sticks, sponges, etc.) may be provided to apply theformulations described herein, and may also be included in a kit. Thekit can comprise one or more of the formulations described herein invarying strengths (e.g., of the therapeutic ingredients).

In several embodiments, skin irritation is reduced by 10-100% after use.For example, significant skin calming effects and improvements inoverall appearance, radiance, skin health, skin smoothness, and/or skintone (evenness, e.g., lack of redness) are visible in severalembodiments after 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. Certain improvements inskin may be visible or felt upon use or within days of use. Althoughspecific regions of skin irritation or redness are treated according toseveral embodiments, an overall skin rejuvenating effect can also beachieved on skin that has no identifiable regions of irritation.

Several embodiments of the formulations are particularly advantageousbecause they provide coverage (e.g., color, camouflage) in a formulationthat goes on smoothly and is not chalky or sticky. This is helpful tocover areas of redness or irritation while the formulation issimultaneously working to reduce said redness or irritation. This isalso helpful to minimize the number of products a user applies tohis/her face (or body) because it reduces the need for a separatefoundation. A beige formulation with green undertones is provided tocounteract redness in some embodiments. A non-fragranced clearformulation is provided in other embodiments.

Several embodiments of the formulations are water resistant. In oneembodiment, the formulation is water resistant, e.g., with respect toSPF, for up to 30, 40, 60 and 120 minutes. Long-wear formulations areprovided in several embodiments.

The formulations, according to several embodiments, are especiallyeffective because they offer a multi-modal approach to reduction ofredness or irritation. The combination of the skin conditioning agentwith the anti-inflammatory and sunscreen provides a multi-modal approachthat addresses discoloration via multiple pathways and results in thecreation of a unique and effective formulation. In several embodiments,the anti-inflammatory agents, by acting through a pathway that involvesinflammation's role in irritation, are particularly effective whencombined with the skin conditioning and/or antimicrobial agents.

In some embodiments, one or more mild keratolytic agents may beoptionally included, wherein the keratolytic is gentle enough to be usedon sensitive skin that is, for example, irritated, inflamed, and red.Mild keratolytic agents may help remove or soften older, damaged surfacetissue (e.g., keratin) and promote the generation of new skin cells.Mild keratolytic agents used in the formulations described hereininclude but are not limited to one or more of the following: plantextracts (such as from the aster family), salicylic acid, alpha hydroxyacid, beta hydroxy acid, sulfur, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, urea,lactic acid, resorcinol, allantoin, fruit acids, and fruit oils. Gentleexfoliants include chemical or mechanical exfoliants. The keratolyticagents are provided, in several embodiments, in a range of about 0.005%to about 10% (e.g., 0.005%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and rangesin between).

Skin Care Formulations as Described Generally Herein

Several of the ingredients below may be applicable to the formulationsdescribed herein for skin renewal (e.g., eye region), treatinghyperpigmentation, and/or soothing redness correction.

In those embodiments in which glyceryl behenate is provided, thisingredient behenate may be used, for example, as a skin conditioningagent and/or emollient. In several embodiments described herein, theformulations comprise a glyceryl monoester. Glyceryl compounds that canbe used herein instead of or in addition to glyceryl behenate includebut are not limited to, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryllaurate/oleate, glyceryl adipate, glyceryl alginate, glycerylarachidate, glyceryl caprate, glyceryl caprylate, glycerylcaprylate/caprate, glyceryl citrate/lactate/linoleate/oleate, glycerylcocoate, glyceryl collagenate, glyceryl erucate, glyceryl hydrogenatedrosinate, glyceryl hydrogenated soyate, glyceryl hydroxystearate,glyceryl isopalmitate, glyceryl isostearate, glycerylisostearate/myristate, glyceryl isostearates, glyceryl lanolate,glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl linolenate, glyceryl montanate, glycerylmyristate, glyceryl isotridecanoate/stearate/adipate, glyceryl oleate,glyceryl oleate/elaidate, glyceryl palmitate, glycerylpalmitate/stearate, glyceryl palmitoleate, glyceryl pentadecanoate,glyceryl polyacrylate, glyceryl rosinate, glyceryl sesquioleate,glyceryl/sorbitol oleate/hydroxystearate, glyceryl stearate/acetate,glyceryl stearate/maleate, glyceryl tallowate, glyceryl thiopropionate,and glyceryl undecylenate.

In those embodiments in which polyhydroxystearic acid is provided, thisingredient may be used, for example, as a suspending agent and/or anemulsifier that is used to stabilize products in some embodiments. Itcan be used herein to suspend SPF protection or other components inlotions, liquids, gels, etc.

In those embodiments in which cyclopentasiloxane is provided, thisingredient may be used, for example, as a silicone fluid that can workas an emollient for the skin. Depending on the embodiment, othersilicone compounds may be used. For example, other examples of siloxanepolymers that can be used herein (instead of or in addition tocyclopentasiloxane) include silica silylate, silica dimethyl silylate,polytrimethylsiloxymethacrylate copolymer, isododecane, acrylates andtrifluoropropyldimethyl/trimethylsioxysicate. In some embodiments, theseare insoluble in water and used for film forming, wear and waterresistance. In several embodiments described herein, the formulationcomprises a siloxane polymer. In several embodiments, silicones,including but not limited to cyclopentasiloxane, provide one or more ofthe following benefits, non-tacky, smooth feel, no oily after-feel,enhanced comfort during use, skin protection from particulate pollution,sebum absorption, enhanced durability of formulations, includingincreased color uniformity, improved wash-off resistance and duration ofusability (e.g., for long-wear formulations). In some cases, wheresiloxanes are included such as cyclopentasiloxane, a by-product (such ascyclotetrasiloxane in one embodiment) may be present at, for example,0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and ranges in between.

In those embodiments in which caprylic/capric triglycerides areprovided, they may be used, for example, as skin conditioners and/orocclusive agents, the latter serving, in several embodiments, toincrease the hydration of the skin (e.g., by preventing loss of moisturethrough the skin), thereby reducing the tendency of dry skin to becomeirritated. In some embodiments, caprylic/capric triglycerides are amixed triester derived from coconut oil and glycerin. Caprylic/caprictriglycerides function as a skin conditioning agent in severalembodiments, helping to soften, smooth, and/or improve water barrierfunctions of skin. In several embodiments, they also function asemollient, dispersing agent and/or solvents. In several embodiments, thetriglycerides provide a non-greasy barrier as well as skin lubrication.In several embodiments, their use can enhance delivery of ingredientscontained in the formulations disclosed herein.

Preservatives such as benzoic acid (and its salt sodium benzoate),dehydroacetic acid, potassium sorbate and/or phenoxyethanol (and others)are used in many embodiments. In some embodiments, these preservativesare in amounts and/or are specifically chosen to be suitable fordelicate or sensitive skin. Preservatives can be naturally occurring,modified, or synthetically produced. In addition to, or in lieu of thepreservatives recited herein, the following may be used: fermentedradish root, rosemary oleoresin extract, salicylic acid, sorbic acid(hexa-2,4-dienoic acid), biphenyl-2-ol (o-phenylphenol), zincpyrithione, inorganic sulphites, hydrogensulphites, chlorobutanol,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-acetyl-6-methylpyran-2,4 (3h)-dione(dehydroacetic acid) and its salts, formic acid and its sodium salt,3,3′-dibromo-4,4′-hexamethylenedioxydibenzamidine (dibromohexamidine)and its salts (including isethionate), thiomersal (inn), phenylmercuricsalts (including borate), undec-10-enoic acid and salts, hexetidine,5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3 dioxane, bronopol, 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol,triclocarban, 4-chloro-m-cresol, triclosan, 4-chloro-3,5-xylenol,3,3′-bis(1-hydroxymethyl-2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)-1,1′-methylenediurea, poly(1-hexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride),2-phenoxyethanol, hexamethylenetetramine (methenamine), methenamine3-chloroallylochloride, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(imidazol-1-yl)3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one,1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, benzylalcohol, 1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-2-pyridon,6,6-dibromo-4,4-dichloro-2,2′-methylenediphenol: bromochlorophen,4-isopropyl-m-cresol, mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-isothiazol-3(2h)-oneand 2-methylisothiazol-3(2h)-one with magnesium chloride and magnesiumnitrate, 2 benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 2-chloroacetamide, chlorhexidine (inn)and its digluconate, diacetate and dihydrochloride,1-phenoxypropan-2-ol, alkyl (c12-c22) trimethyl ammonium, bromide andchloride, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine,n-(hydroxymethyl)-n-(dihydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxo-2,5-imidazolinidyl-4)-n′-(hydroxymethyl)urea, 1,6-di(4-amidinophenoxy)-n-hexane (hexamidine) and its salts(including isethionate and p-hydroxy-benzoate, glutaraldehyde(pentane-1,5-dial), 5-ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo [3.3.0] octane,3-(p-chlorophenoxy)-propane-1,2-diol (chlorphenesin), sodiumhydroxymethylamino acetate (sodium hydroxymethylglycinate), silverchloride (e.g., deposited on titanium dioxide), benzethonium chloride,benzalkonium chloride, bromide and saccharinate, benzylhemiformal,iodopropynyl butyl-carbamate, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate,methylisothiazolinone, and combinations thereof. Antimicrobialpreservatives are provided in several embodiments. Anti-fungal and/oranti-bacterial properties may be achieved in several embodiments.

In some embodiments, a formulation described herein is provided in a kittogether with other skin care or cosmetic products, along withinstructions for use. Methods of making the formulations are providedherein and include, in some embodiments, adding the ingredients to waterin a sanitized vessel and mixing until the ingredients are hydrated anduniform. The pH may be adjusted in one embodiment until it reaches about5.5-7.5 (e.g., 6-7) at 25 degrees Celsius. Several embodiments useextracts, which may be obtained, for example, by the technique ofextraction or by in vitro plant cell culture. Extraction includes, butis not limited to, reflux extraction, steeping, decoction, lixiviation,maceration, supercritical fluid extraction, sonication,microwave/ultrasound extraction, solid-phase micro-extraction,pressurized-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, and/orsurfactant-mediated techniques. Extraction solvents include but are notlimited to: water, alcohols, and fats/oils. Examples include but are notlimited to water, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, butyleneglycol, glycerin, glycerides, diglycol ethers, diglycols, andcombinations thereof. Components may be isolated and/or purified beforeor after extraction in some embodiments.

Where percentages are provided for agents, ingredients and compounds,they can be % m/m, % m/w, % w/w, % m/v, % v/v and variations thereofwith respect to the formulation as a whole, unless otherwise indicated.

The use of agents, ingredients and compounds may be used interchangeablyherein. In several embodiments, reference to the term “based” includesthe recited agent, ingredient or compounds. For example, a vitaminE-based compound includes vitamin E itself. As used herein, the termscomposition and formulation can be used interchangeably. Salt forms ofthe acids identified herein may be used instead of or in addition to theacid.

With respect to the use of plural and/or singular terms herein, thosehaving skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singularand/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the contextand/or application.

It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, termsused herein, and especially in the appended claims (for example, bodiesof the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (forexample, the term “including” should be interpreted as “including butnot limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having atleast,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but isnot limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those withinthe art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation isintended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and inthe absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example,as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may containusage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” tointroduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should notbe construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by theindefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containingsuch introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one suchrecitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases“one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or“an” (for example, “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “atleast one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use ofdefinite articles used to introduce claim recitations. For example, “an”agent can include one, two or several ingredients (and not necessarily asingle ingredient). In addition, even if a specific number of anintroduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in theart will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean atleast the recited number (for example, the bare recitation of “tworecitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations,or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where aconvention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, ingeneral such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill inthe art would understand the convention (for example, “a system havingat least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systemsthat have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together,B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be furtherunderstood by those within the art that any disjunctive word and/orphrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in thedescription, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplatethe possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, orboth terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood toinclude the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are describedin terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize thatthe disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individualmember or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and allpurposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, allranges disclosed herein also encompass any and sub-ranges andcombinations of sub-ranges thereof. As will also be understood by oneskilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greaterthan,” “less than,” and the like include the number recited and refer toranges which can be subsequently broken down into sub-ranges asdiscussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in theart, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a grouphaving 1-3 articles refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 articles.Similarly, a group having 1-5 articles refers to groups having 1, 2, 3,4, or 5 articles, and so forth. The phrases “and ranges in between” caninclude ranges that fall in between the numerical values listed. Forexample, “1, 2, 3, 10, and ranges in between” can include 1-10, 1-3,2-10, etc.

While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, otheraspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art.The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes ofillustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the scope andspirit being indicated by, for example, the following claims.

For the methods disclosed herein, the functions performed in theprocesses and methods may be implemented in differing order. Thedisclosure of methods or uses may also include instructing the method oruse (for example, in instructions for use).

What is claimed is:
 1. A formulation for treating skin irritationcomprising effective amounts of: (i) a first skin conditioning agent,wherein said first skin conditioning agent comprises a Zingiberofficinale extract; (ii) a second skin conditioning agent, wherein saidsecond skin conditioning agent comprises at least one of Asteraceaeextract or bisabolol, wherein said Asteraceae extract and bisabolol aresynthetic or plant extracts; (iii) a third skin conditioning agent,wherein the third skin conditioning agent comprises a Crithmum maritimumextract, (iv) a fourth skin conditioning agent, wherein the fourth skinconditioning agent additionally functions as an antimicrobial, (v) ananti-inflammatory agent, wherein the formulation is a topicalformulation suitable for topical delivery and treating skin irritation,and (vi) one or more synthetic antimicrobial preservatives selected fromphenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, anddehydroacetic acid.
 2. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the secondskin conditioning agent comprises an Asteraceae extract and at least oneof the Zingiber officinale and Asteraceae extracts comprise rootextracts; and wherein the fourth skin conditioning agent comprises aMagnolia officinalis extract, optionally a Magnolia officinalis rootextract.
 3. The formulation of claim 1, further comprising a sunprotection agent, wherein said sun protection agent comprises zinc oxideand titanium dioxide, and wherein said sun protection agent offers a sunprotection factor of SPF 30 or more.
 4. The formulation of claim 1,wherein the first skin conditioning agent is provided in a range of0.005-5% wherein the second skin conditioning agent is provided in arange of 0.05-5%; wherein the third skin conditioning agent is providedin a range of 0.02-5%; wherein the fourth skin conditioning agent isprovided in a range of 0.001-5%; wherein the ranges are provided as %m/m, % w/w, % w/v, % m/v, or % v/v of the formulation.
 5. Theformulation of claim 1, wherein the first skin conditioning agent isprovided in a range of 0.005-5% wherein the second skin conditioningagent is provided in a range of 0.05-5%; wherein the third skinconditioning agent is provided in a range of 0.02-5%; wherein the fourthskin conditioning agent is provided in a range of 0.001-5%; wherein theanti-inflammatory agent is provided in a range of 0.05-5%; wherein theanti-inflammatory agent comprises a Vitamin E compound; wherein theranges are provided as % m/m, % w/w, % w/v, % m/v, or % v/v of theformulation; and wherein the formulation is a paraben-free formulation.6. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation is rated atProtection Grade of Ultraviolet A (PA) of 16 or greater in a PersistentPigment Darkening (PPD) test.